Ch 12 Lipids

Question 1

Function of Lipids

Answer 1

-Energy storage, chemical signals within and between individuals, cell integrity.

Question 2

When unchecked, lipids can lead to?

Answer 2

Heart disease, obesity, Cancers, etc (per Dr. Reed slide)

Question 3

The structure of phospholipids, hydrophilic head, and hydrophobic tails leads to what important structure?

Answer 3

Lipid bilayer, contributing to cellular integrity.

Question 4

What are the two main categories of lipids?

Answer 4

Saponifiable and Non-saponifiable

Question 5

What is a saponifiable lipid?

Answer 5

triglycerides, waxes, and phospholipids

Question 6

What is a non-saponifiable lipid?

Answer 6

steroids, prostaglandins, and fat-soluble vitamins

Question 7

What does it mean to be a saturated fat?

Answer 7

Long chains of carbons with single bonds only

Question 8

What does it mean to be unsaturated or polyunsaturated?

Answer 8

Have one, or more, double bond between carbons. Creates a kink in the chain.

Question 9

Are saturated fats solid or liquid at room temperature?

Answer 9

Solid. No kinks, can be compressed easier.

Question 10

Are unsaturated fats solid or liquid at room temperature?

Answer 10

liquid

Question 11

Is plant fat or animal fat more likely to be saturated?

Answer 11

Animal.

Plants are more likely to be unsaturated.

Question 12

What is the basic structure of steroids?

Answer 12

three 6-membered rings fused to one 5-membered ring

Question 13

2 common steroids in the body?

Answer 13

Cholesterol and sex hormones (progesterone, testosterone, estrogen)

Question 14

Naturally occurring fatty acids always have an even or odd number of carbons.

Answer 14

even

Question 15

What is the saponification of a triglyceride?

Answer 15

The hydrolysis of the ester bond of TGLs by using a strong base. Creates glycerol and 3 fatty acids in their conjugate base form, forming a salt with Na. Acts as a surfactant aka works as soap.

Question 15

Naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids have the cis or trans double-bond configuration.

Answer 15

Cis.

Question 16

What determines the classification of a lipoprotein?

Answer 16

Proteins are denser than lipids, so the ratio of protein to lipid determines the classification of the lipoprotein.

Question 17

Are prostaglandins saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 17

Unsaturated. (contain a double bond)

Question 18

Prostaglandins are synthesized from?

Answer 18

An unsaturated fatty acid called, arachidonic acid and part of the arachidonic acid cascade

Question 19

What is the identifying structural features of prostaglandins?

Answer 19

A five-member ring with a 7-carbon side chain and an adjacent 8- 8-carbon side chain.

Question 20

What are prostaglandins?

Answer 20

Powerful, short-lived, hormone-like.
A group of lipids with hormone-like actions that your body makes primarily at sites of tissue damage or infection

Question 21

What kind of control is the breakdown of triglycerides by lipases under? name 3

Answer 21

hormonal control. epinephrine, glucagon, and insulin

Question 22

How do epinephrine and glucagon influence triglyceride metabolism?

Answer 22

Promote breakdown of fat (lipolysis)

Question 23

How does insulin influence triglyceride metabolism?

Answer 23

Inhibits fat breakdown (lipolysis).

Question 24

Where does beta-oxidation of triglycerides occur?

Answer 24

mitochondria

Question 25

What carries fatty acids to target centers needing energy throughout the body?

Answer 25

free fatty acids are released from cells into the blood and they bind to ALBUMIN for transport to tissues needing the fatty acids for energy