Ch 12 Lipids Flashcards
Function of Lipids
-Energy storage, chemical signals within and between individuals, cell integrity.
When unchecked, lipids can lead to?
Heart disease, obesity, Cancers, etc (per Dr. Reed slide)
The structure of phospholipids, hydrophilic head, and hydrophobic tails leads to what important structure?
Lipid bilayer, contributing to cellular integrity.
What are the two main categories of lipids?
Saponifiable and Non-saponifiable
What is a saponifiable lipid?
triglycerides, waxes, and phospholipids
What is a non-saponifiable lipid?
steroids, prostaglandins, and fat-soluble vitamins
What does it mean to be a saturated fat?
Long chains of carbons with single bonds only
What does it mean to be unsaturated or polyunsaturated?
Have one, or more, double bond between carbons. Creates a kink in the chain.
Are saturated fats solid or liquid at room temperature?
Solid. No kinks, can be compressed easier.
Are unsaturated fats solid or liquid at room temperature?
liquid
Is plant fat or animal fat more likely to be saturated?
Animal.
Plants are more likely to be unsaturated.
What is the basic structure of steroids?
three 6-membered rings fused to one 5-membered ring
2 common steroids in the body?
Cholesterol and sex hormones (progesterone, testosterone, estrogen)
Naturally occurring fatty acids always have an even or odd number of carbons.
even
What is the saponification of a triglyceride?
The hydrolysis of the ester bond of TGLs by using a strong base. Creates glycerol and 3 fatty acids in their conjugate base form, forming a salt with Na. Acts as a surfactant aka works as soap.
Naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids have the cis or trans double-bond configuration.
Cis.
What determines the classification of a lipoprotein?
Proteins are denser than lipids, so the ratio of protein to lipid determines the classification of the lipoprotein.
Are prostaglandins saturated or unsaturated?
Unsaturated. (contain a double bond)
Prostaglandins are synthesized from?
An unsaturated fatty acid called, arachidonic acid and part of the arachidonic acid cascade
What is the identifying structural features of prostaglandins?
A five-member ring with a 7-carbon side chain and an adjacent 8- 8-carbon side chain.
What are prostaglandins?
Powerful, short-lived, hormone-like.
A group of lipids with hormone-like actions that your body makes primarily at sites of tissue damage or infection
What kind of control is the breakdown of triglycerides by lipases under? name 3
hormonal control. epinephrine, glucagon, and insulin
How do epinephrine and glucagon influence triglyceride metabolism?
Promote breakdown of fat (lipolysis)
How does insulin influence triglyceride metabolism?
Inhibits fat breakdown (lipolysis).
Where does beta-oxidation of triglycerides occur?
mitochondria
What carries fatty acids to target centers needing energy throughout the body?
free fatty acids are released from cells into the blood and they bind to ALBUMIN for transport to tissues needing the fatty acids for energy
