Ch 11 Organic Compound Summary

Question 1

Organic compounds are compounds that contain?

Answer 1

Carbon

Question 2

Organic compounds consist of a ______ backbone and one or more ________ groups

Answer 2

carbon, functional

Question 3

_______ functional groups consist of only carbon and hydrogen and include 1. _____, 2. _______, 3. _______ and 4.______

Answer 3

Hydrocarbon
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds.

Question 4

________ are hydrocarbons that contain all single bonds

Answer 4

Alkanes

Question 5

Alkyl groups are ?

Answer 5

alkanes minus one hydrogen atom

Question 6

What goes R represent?

Answer 6

A generic, nonspecific, alkyl group

Question 7

alkene functional group is?

Answer 7

the carbon–carbon double bond

Question 8

alkyne functional group is?

Answer 8

the carbon–carbon triple bond.

Question 9

aromatic functional group (to a first approximation) is?

Answer 9

is a benzene ring

Question 10

Alcohols and ethers are derived from?

Answer 10

Water

Question 11

alcohol functional group is?

Answer 11

the hydroxyl (OH) group, so a generic alcohol may
be represented as R–OH.

Question 12

ether functional group is?

Answer 12

an oxygen bonded to two alkyl groups. A generic
ether may be represented as R–O–R′.

Question 13

functional group of an alkyl halide is?

Answer 13

a halogen atom (F,Cl,Br,or I)

Question 14

Generically, halogens are represented as ?

Answer 14

X, so a generic alkyl halide may be represented as R–X.

Question 15

Many inhaled anesthetics are ______ _______ that often contain _____ functional groups

Answer 15

Many inhaled anesthetic reagents are halogenated ethers that often contain ether functional groups.

Question 16

What are three possible representations of Amines?

Answer 16

RNH2, R2NH, and R3N

Question 17

Amines are derived from?

Answer 17

Ammonia, in which one of more hydrogens on ammonia have been replaced by an alkyl group.

Question 18

carbonyl group is?

Answer 18

carbon doubly bonded to an oxygen

Question 19

carbonyl-based functional groups include? (5)

Answer 19

aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides

Question 20

Aldehyde functional group has

Answer 20

a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group. A generic aldehyde may be represented as R(C = O)H.

Question 21

Ketones functional group

Answer 21

have two alkyl groups bonded to a carbonyl group. A generic ketone may be represented as R2C = O.

Question 22

Carboxylic acids have a

Answer 22

hydroxyl group bonded to a carbonyl group. A generic carboxylic acid may be represented as R(C = O)OH. Sometimes you’ll see this written as RCO2H or RCOOH.

Question 23

Esters have

Answer 23

an alkoxy (OR) group bonded to a carbonyl group

Question 24

condensation products between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol produce?

Answer 24

Ester and H2O

Question 25

Amides have

Answer 25

a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group. generic amide may be represented as R(C = O)NR2. The R groups on nitrogen may be either alkyl groups or hydrogens.

Question 26

Amides are condensation products between

Answer 26

carboxylic acid and an amines

Question 27

Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reactions with alcohols to form

Answer 27

hemiacetals or hemiketals

Question 28

Functional group of a hemiacetal / hemiketal is characterized by

Answer 28

an ether functional group and an alcohol functional group on the same carbon.

Question 29

In the presence of excess alcohol (and an acid catalyst), aldehydes and ketones condense with two alcohol molecules to form

Answer 29

acetals or ketals

Question 30

The acetal/ketal functional group is characterized by

Answer 30

two ether functional groups on the same carbon.