Therapy Flashcards
What are the 2 primary types of Western therapy?
- psychotherapy
- biomedical therapy
What is psychotherapy?
a trained therapist uses psychological techniques to assist someone seeking to overcome difficulties and achieve growth
What is biomedical therapy?
offers medications and other biological treatments
What are the 4 main types of psychotherapy?
- Psychodynamic
- Humanistic
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
What is psychodynamic psychotherapy?
Try to help people understand their current symptoms by focusing on important relationships and events and related unconscious dynamics
What is psychoanalysis?
Method of helping people to bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness by giving them insight into the origins of their disorders
What are 3 techniques used in psychoanalysis?
- Free association
- Interpretation
- Transferring
What is free association?
you say whatever comes to mind until something interrupts the flow (resistance)
What is interpretation?
the analyst (therapist) offers interpretation based on patterns
What is transferring/transference?
dependency or mingled love and anger experience in earlier relationships projects on the analyst (therapist)
How do psychodynamic therapies differ from psychoanalysis?
Psychodynamic therapy, however, focuses on the interplay (or dynamics) between conscious and unconscious forces in motivating behaviour whereas psychoanalytic therapy centres exclusively on unconscious influences.
What are humanistic therapies?
Attempts to reduce the inner conflicts that interfere with natural development and growth; emphasizes people’s innate potential for self-fulfillment
What are the differences between psychodynamic therapies and humanistic therapies?
humanistic therapies differs from psychodynamic therapies:
- help people grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance, not focus on illness
- those in therapy are called “persons” nor “clients” rather than “patients”
- the path is taking immediate responsibility for one’s feelings and actions
- conscious thoughts are more important than unconscious thoughts
- the present and future are more important than the past
What is person-centered therapy?
- Non Directive: the client leads the discussion
- Active Listening: listening without judgement
- By being “accepting”, therapists may help clients feel freer and more open to change
- By being “genuine”, therapists hope to encourage clients to likewise express their true feelings
- By being “empathic”, therapists try to sense and reflect their clients’ feelings, helping them experience a deeper self-understanding and self-acceptance
What is active listening?
listening without judgement
Which techniques promote active listening?
- Paraphrasing: check your understanding by summarizing the person’s words out loud, in your own words
- Inviting Clarification: “What might be an example of that?” may encourage the person to say more
- Reflecting Feelings: “It sounds frustrating” might mirror what you’re sensing from the person’s body language and intensity
What is cognitive-behavioral therapy?
Takes a combined approach to treating depressive and other disorders
- Integrative therapy: aims to alter not only the way people think but also the way they act
- Effective treatment for OCD, depression, eating disorders, insomnia, ADHA, and substance use disorders
- Uses dialectic behavioral therapy and mindfulness mediation
What does it mean that cognitive-behavioral therapy is integrative? What is it useful for?
Aims to alter not only the way people think but also the way they act:
- seeks to make people aware of their irrational negative thinking and to relate it with new ways of thinking
- trains people to practice the more positive approach in everyday settings
What are group and family therapies?
Family therapies: views families as systems, in which each person’s actions trigger reactions from others
Self-Help Groups: religious, special-interest, or support groups that meet regularly and offers emotional support
What are group and family therapies advantages?
- Saves time and money
- No less effective than individual therapy
- Enables people to see that others share their problem
- Provides feedback as clients try out new ways of behaving
For all types of therapies, what are their presumed problems, aims, and techniques? (slide 40)
- Psychodynamic:
- Problem: unconscious conflicts from childhood experiences
- Aim: reduce anxiety through self-insight
- Technique: interpret clients’ memories, dreams, and feelings - Person-centered:
- Problem: barriers to self-understanding and self-acceptance
- Aim: Enable growth via unconditional positive regard, acceptance, genuiness, and empathy
- Technique: listen actively and reflect clients’ feelings - Behavior:
- Problem: dysfunctional behaviors
- Aim: learn adaptive behaviors; extinguish problem ones
- Technique: use classical conditioning or operate conditioning - Cognitive:
- Problem: negative, self-dealing thinking
- Aim: promote healthier thinking and self-talk
- Technique: train people to dispute negative thoughts and attributions - Cognitive-behavioral:
- Problem: self-harmful thoughts and behaviors
- Aim: promote healthier thinking and adaptive behaviors
- Technique: train people to counter self-harmful thoughts and to act out their new ways of thinking - Group & Family:
- Problem: stressful relationships
- Aim: heal relationships
- Technique: develop an understanding of family and other social systems, explore roles, and improve communication
Is psychotherapy effective?
~90% fairly well satisfied with psychotherapy’s effectiveness
- …but early studied with control groups show that time is a great healer
What is a meta-analysis?
a statistical procedure that combines the conclusions of a large number of different studies
Which psychotherapies work best?
Not any one type of psychotherapy is superior:
- the more specific the problem, the greater the hope that psychotherapy might solve it
- some forms of therapy do get prizes for treating particular problems
What are the 3 elements of clinical decision making?
- Client’s culture, values, personal identity, preferences, circumstances
- Clinical expertise
- Best available research evidence
How do psychotherapies help people?
- Hope for demoralized people: improves morale, creating feelings of self-efficacy and diminishes symptoms
- A new perspective: helps build a new attitude on life by changing behavior or cognitive map
- An empathic, trusting, caring relationship: helps create the therapeutic alliance
What are the APA recommendations for seeking therapy?
- Feelings of hopelessness
- Deep and lasting depression
- Self-destructive behavior, such as substance abuse
- Disruptive fears
- Sudden mood shifts
- Thoughts of suicide
- Compulsive rituals, such as lock checking
- Sexual difficulties
- Hearing voices or seeing things that others don’t experience
What are the 4 types of biomedical therapies (slide 54: only names are needed)
- Therapeutic lifestyle change
- Drug therapies
- Brain stimulation
- Psychosurgery
