Therapy

Question 1

What are the 2 primary types of Western therapy?

Answer 1

1. psychotherapy
2. biomedical therapy

Question 2

What is psychotherapy?

Answer 2

a trained therapist uses psychological techniques to assist someone seeking to overcome difficulties and achieve growth

Question 3

What is biomedical therapy?

Answer 3

offers medications and other biological treatments

Question 4

What are the 4 main types of psychotherapy?

Answer 4

1. Psychodynamic
2. Humanistic
3. Behavioral
4. Cognitive

Question 5

What is psychodynamic psychotherapy?

Answer 5

Try to help people understand their current symptoms by focusing on important relationships and events and related unconscious dynamics

Question 6

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 6

Method of helping people to bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness by giving them insight into the origins of their disorders

Question 7

What are 3 techniques used in psychoanalysis?

Answer 7

1. Free association
2. Interpretation
3. Transferring

Question 8

What is free association?

Answer 8

you say whatever comes to mind until something interrupts the flow (resistance)

Question 9

What is interpretation?

Answer 9

the analyst (therapist) offers interpretation based on patterns

Question 10

What is transferring/transference?

Answer 10

dependency or mingled love and anger experience in earlier relationships projects on the analyst (therapist)

Question 11

How do psychodynamic therapies differ from psychoanalysis?

Answer 11

Psychodynamic therapy, however, focuses on the interplay (or dynamics) between conscious and unconscious forces in motivating behaviour whereas psychoanalytic therapy centres exclusively on unconscious influences.

Question 12

What are humanistic therapies?

Answer 12

Attempts to reduce the inner conflicts that interfere with natural development and growth; emphasizes people’s innate potential for self-fulfillment

Question 13

What are the differences between psychodynamic therapies and humanistic therapies?

Answer 13

humanistic therapies differs from psychodynamic therapies:
- help people grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance, not focus on illness
- those in therapy are called “persons” nor “clients” rather than “patients”
- the path is taking immediate responsibility for one’s feelings and actions
- conscious thoughts are more important than unconscious thoughts
- the present and future are more important than the past

Question 14

What is person-centered therapy?

Answer 14

• Non Directive: the client leads the discussion
• Active Listening: listening without judgement
• By being “accepting”, therapists may help clients feel freer and more open to change
• By being “genuine”, therapists hope to encourage clients to likewise express their true feelings
• By being “empathic”, therapists try to sense and reflect their clients’ feelings, helping them experience a deeper self-understanding and self-acceptance

Question 15

What is active listening?

Answer 15

listening without judgement

Question 16

Which techniques promote active listening?

Answer 16

1. Paraphrasing: check your understanding by summarizing the person’s words out loud, in your own words
2. Inviting Clarification: “What might be an example of that?” may encourage the person to say more
3. Reflecting Feelings: “It sounds frustrating” might mirror what you’re sensing from the person’s body language and intensity

Question 17

What is cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Answer 17

Takes a combined approach to treating depressive and other disorders
- Integrative therapy: aims to alter not only the way people think but also the way they act
- Effective treatment for OCD, depression, eating disorders, insomnia, ADHA, and substance use disorders
- Uses dialectic behavioral therapy and mindfulness mediation

Question 18

What does it mean that cognitive-behavioral therapy is integrative? What is it useful for?

Answer 18

Aims to alter not only the way people think but also the way they act:
- seeks to make people aware of their irrational negative thinking and to relate it with new ways of thinking
- trains people to practice the more positive approach in everyday settings

Question 19

What are group and family therapies?

Answer 19

Family therapies: views families as systems, in which each person’s actions trigger reactions from others

Self-Help Groups: religious, special-interest, or support groups that meet regularly and offers emotional support

Question 20

What are group and family therapies advantages?

Answer 20

• Saves time and money
• No less effective than individual therapy
• Enables people to see that others share their problem
• Provides feedback as clients try out new ways of behaving

Question 21

For all types of therapies, what are their presumed problems, aims, and techniques? (slide 40)

Answer 21

1. Psychodynamic:
   - Problem: unconscious conflicts from childhood experiences
   - Aim: reduce anxiety through self-insight
   - Technique: interpret clients’ memories, dreams, and feelings
2. Person-centered:
   - Problem: barriers to self-understanding and self-acceptance
   - Aim: Enable growth via unconditional positive regard, acceptance, genuiness, and empathy
   - Technique: listen actively and reflect clients’ feelings
3. Behavior:
   - Problem: dysfunctional behaviors
   - Aim: learn adaptive behaviors; extinguish problem ones
   - Technique: use classical conditioning or operate conditioning
4. Cognitive:
   - Problem: negative, self-dealing thinking
   - Aim: promote healthier thinking and self-talk
   - Technique: train people to dispute negative thoughts and attributions
5. Cognitive-behavioral:
   - Problem: self-harmful thoughts and behaviors
   - Aim: promote healthier thinking and adaptive behaviors
   - Technique: train people to counter self-harmful thoughts and to act out their new ways of thinking
6. Group & Family:
   - Problem: stressful relationships
   - Aim: heal relationships
   - Technique: develop an understanding of family and other social systems, explore roles, and improve communication

Question 22

Is psychotherapy effective?

Answer 22

~90% fairly well satisfied with psychotherapy’s effectiveness
- …but early studied with control groups show that time is a great healer

Question 23

What is a meta-analysis?

Answer 23

a statistical procedure that combines the conclusions of a large number of different studies

Question 24

Which psychotherapies work best?

Answer 24

Not any one type of psychotherapy is superior:
- the more specific the problem, the greater the hope that psychotherapy might solve it
- some forms of therapy do get prizes for treating particular problems

Question 25

What are the 3 elements of clinical decision making?

Answer 25

1. Client’s culture, values, personal identity, preferences, circumstances
2. Clinical expertise
3. Best available research evidence

Question 26

How do psychotherapies help people?

Answer 26

1. Hope for demoralized people: improves morale, creating feelings of self-efficacy and diminishes symptoms
2. A new perspective: helps build a new attitude on life by changing behavior or cognitive map
3. An empathic, trusting, caring relationship: helps create the therapeutic alliance

Question 27

What are the APA recommendations for seeking therapy?

Answer 27

• Feelings of hopelessness
• Deep and lasting depression
• Self-destructive behavior, such as substance abuse
• Disruptive fears
• Sudden mood shifts
• Thoughts of suicide
• Compulsive rituals, such as lock checking
• Sexual difficulties
• Hearing voices or seeing things that others don’t experience

Question 28

What are the 4 types of biomedical therapies (slide 54: only names are needed)

Answer 28

1. Therapeutic lifestyle change
2. Drug therapies
3. Brain stimulation
4. Psychosurgery