Construal and Naïve Realism

Question 1

What is naïve realism?

Answer 1

The belief that we see the world a it is, objectively

Question 2

What are the 2 problems caused by naïve realism?

Answer 2

1. We expect other reasonable and attentive people to perceive the same reality we do
2. If an individual responds differently from us, we cannot attribute their responses to the nature of the events

Question 3

What problem caused by naïve realism causes the false consensus effect?

Answer 3

I see the world as it is –> Reasonable others should see it the same way –> False Consensus Effect

Question 4

What is the false consensus effect?

Answer 4

Tendency to assume that others are more similar to oneself than is really true

Question 5

Why does false consensus effect occur?

Answer 5

Motivational: Justifies one’s own beliefs and behaviors as good and right
Cognitive: Unsure about others’ beliefs/behaviors and use own as estimates

Question 6

What problem caused the fundamental attribution error?

Answer 6

2. If an individual responds differently from us, we cannot attribute their responses to the nature of the events

Question 7

What are the 2 types of attributions in the attribution theory?

Answer 7

Situational: (external) environments cause people to act the way they do

Dispositional: (internal) characteristics cause people to act the way they do

Question 8

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Answer 8

Tendency to attribute other people’s behavior to their dispositional factors while attributing one’s own actions to situational factors

Question 9

What is construal?

Answer 9

an individual’s subjective interpretation of a stimulus
(eg. We act on our “construal” of the world)

Question 10

What are some determinants of construal?

Answer 10

1. Order Effects
2. Frequency/Familiarity
3. Context
4. Motivation
5. Psychological distance

Question 11

What are order effects?

Answer 11

occurs when participants’ responses in the various conditions are affected by the order of conditions to which they were exposed

Question 12

What is framing?

Answer 12

how certain stimulus is presented; information framed in negative terms tend to elicit a stronger response

Question 13

What is the key tenet of construal level theory?

Answer 13

Psychological Distance

Question 14

What is the difference in how we construe close events rather than distant events?

Answer 14

We tend to think of distant events - from long ago or far off in the future - in abstract terms, and of events close at hand in concrete terms