Personality 2 Flashcards
What is the basic tenet of humanistic theories? How do they assess personality
Views personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth
What are the the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
- self-actualization
- esteem
- love/belonging
- safety
- physiological
According to Maslow, what are the features of healthy and creative people who can reach self-actualization?
- self-awareness & acceptance
- curiosity & openness
- spontaneity
- loving & caring
- not bothered by opinions
- on a calling or life mission
According to Carl Rogers, what are the three elements that a growth-promoting social climate should provide?
- acceptance - unconditional positive regard of one’s failings
- genuineness - when people are genuine, they become open and transparent
- empathy - when people are empathic, they mirror each other’s feelings
What are trait theories? How do they measure personality?
Attempts to define personality in terms of stable and enduring behavior patterns
What are the two temperamental attitudes and the four psychological types according to Jung?
Extrovert/Introvert
1.Thinking
2.Feeling
3.Sensation
4.Intuition
What are some limitations of the Myers-Briggs?
- Scientific Research is inconclusive
- unclear info about validity and reliability
- Theories of it are 100-years old
- The internet culture around the instrument has created a lot of noise
What is the Big Five?
(OCEAN)
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
What the characteristics of each of the five personality traits of the Big Five?
Openness: intellect, imagination
Conscientiousness: industriousness, orderliness
Extraversion: competitive, sociable, assertive, sexual motivation
Agreeableness: cooperative, norm-following
Neuroticism: vigilance to threats, angry hostility
What are the benefits of OCEAN?
Openness: creativity
Conscientiousness: planfulness, care in premeditated tasks
Extraversion: increased status, sexual partners, resource access
Agreeableness: cooperative, peaceful alliances
Neuroticism: awareness of threats and dangers
What are the costs of OCEAN?
Openness: Disorganized, psychotic thinking
Conscientiousness: inflexible mind
Extraversion: risks of accident, STD’s, social conflict
Agreeableness: Easily taken advantage of
Neuroticism: Stress, bad relationships
Are the five personality traits stable?
Our traits are mostly stable over time, however, after teen years, most people became more conscientious and agreeable, and less neurotic
Do self-ratings match with other people’s ratings?
Yes
Do the Big Five traits reflect different brain structures?
Yes, the size and thickness of brain tissue correlates with several Big Five traits
- Conscientiousness: associated with a brain region involved in planning and the voluntary control of behavior
- Extraversion: associated with a brain region involved in processing reward information
- Agreeableness: associated with a brain region that process information about the intention and mental states of other
- Neuroticism: associated with a brain region associated with threat, punishment, and negative affect
How well do the Big Five traits apply to various cultures?
- these traits emerge consistently
- “features of personality traits are common to all human groups”
