Drives

Question 1

What are drives and motivational systems?

Answer 1

Physiological needs (such as food or water) that create an aroused, motivated state that pushes us to satisfy/reduce the need

Question 2

What is the basic tenet of drive-reduction theory?

Answer 2

When a physiological need increases, so does our psychological drive to satisfy/reduce it

Question 3

What are the four drives and motivational systems?

Answer 3

Hunger
Sexual Motivation
Affiliation
Achievement

Question 4

What are the major psychological influences on hunger?

Answer 4

1. cultural and situational factors influence hunger
2. situations control our eating
3. psychological factors influence not only when we eat but WHAT we eat

Question 5

What are the major psychological influences on sexual motivation?

Answer 5

1. Psychological factors matter: many different reasons people have sex
2. External Stimuli: outside exposure to explicit material
3. Imagined Stimuli: males more frequent fantasies

Question 6

What does it mean that sexual motivation varies across cultures?

Answer 6

1. Sexual acceptance varies dramatically across cultures
2. Cultures vary in same-sex attitudes

Question 7

What does it mean that attitudes toward same-sex relationships vary across cultures?

Answer 7

1.Homo teens without supportive parents and friends report greater anxiety, depression, bullying, and suicide

2. Efforts to change sexual orientation are unsuccessful and harmful (conversion therapy in US)

Question 8

Is sexual orientation a choice? Why?

Answer 8

No, sexual orientation is biological and explained by the brain, genetics, and prebirth finding

Question 9

What is the need to belong?

Answer 9

Affiliation: desire to form strong intimate relationships and belong to a group

Question 10

What are some costs of social isolation?

Answer 10

1.Mental health decline

2.Physical health decline

3.Suicidal thinking

Question 11

What are some adverse consequences of excessive use of online socializing and gaming?

Answer 11

1.increase of social comparisons
2.increase of belief that other people’s lives are better
3.increase of depression, anxiety, self-harm, and suicide

Question 12

What is achievement motivation?

Answer 12

Desire for significant accomplishment, mastering skills or ideas, control, attaining high standards

Question 13

What are the features of a grit personality?

Answer 13

Personality trait of conscientiousness, self control, self-discipline, passion, perseverance

Question 14

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation?

Answer 14

Extrinsic: behavior directed at gaining external rewards or avoiding threatening punishments

Intrinsic: you desire to perform a behavior for its own sake