Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4th Yr - CMS 1 > Therapeutics 3 > Flashcards

Therapeutics 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

bactericidal ?

A

kills microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bacteriostatic?

A

stop replication
- keeps numbers low
- immun system, complement, macrophages monocytes etc can mop up remaining cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how do we describe the spectrum of action of antibiotics ?

A

narrow vs broad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does a narrow antiobitoc do?

A

kills or stop replicating narrow range of species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does a broad range antibiotic do?

A

kills or stops replicating a broad range of species

Can result in resistance bacteria, due to evolutionary advantage and change the population causing resistance to AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is pseudomembrane colitis ?

A

caused by a superinfection with a bacteria called clostridium difficile

  • very dangerous pts can die as it destroys gut wall pts can get sepsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is clostridium dificile ?

A

a bacteria that lives in the gut but if u treat pts with broad range AB all the bugs in the gut get killed except for this bacteria

  • forms plaque against wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why are some ppl allergic to penicillin?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are some toxic affects AB may cause?

A

allergy
auto toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

give eg of autotoxicity ?

A

-end up having reduced hearing or deaf
- nephrotoxicity = damaging kidney due to a lot of AB being excreted from kidney
- hepatoxicity- damage to liver as AB are metabolised here and can be concentrated in the liver and cause damage there
- concentrated in bone or teeth eg. tetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how can AB be administrated?

A

oral or IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why do we need to think about the rout of excretion/ metabolism?

A

impacts pts with preexisting disease eg. kidney disease may not be able to handle large doses of some AB and pts with liver disease may not be able to metabolise certain types of BA and could end up causing more damage to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the most common drug that interacts with ABs?

A

warfarin
- can make it less or more active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what things can cause AB side effects

A

alcohol allergies staining teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

list the ideal qualities of an AB

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do bacterial cells have that keep them alive ?

A

dna - basic building blocks of life, in order for bacteria to replicate and survive the need to be able to replicate their dna

rna- need to produce protiens by ribosomes

folate synth- in order to continue replicating dna cells need to be able to absorb and metabolise folate and other vitamins

cell membrane- in order to maintain internal systems of the cell eg. right osmolarity and th right water content cell needs a membrane

cell wall- to ward off immune responses from host

17
Q

which AB prevents dna rep?

A

metronidazole

18
Q

which AB prevents ribosome function?

A

macrolides (erthromycin), tetracycline, ahminoglycosides

19
Q

which AB prevents folate synthesis?

A

sulphonamide trimethoprim

20
Q

which AB prevent cell wall synthesis?

A

penicillins cephalosporins

21
Q

which AB do we use instead of penicillin of pt is allergic?

A

erythromycin

22
Q

what is trimethoprim used for?

A

UTI

23
Q

what does metronidazole do? type of action? side effects ? interactions ?

A
  • Inhibits DNA replication and degrades existing DNA
  • Anaerobic infections
  • Bacterocidal
  • Interacts with alcohol
  • Prevents metabolism of alcohol
  • Severe nausea, flushing, vomiting
24
Q

what do macrolides do? type of action? spectrum? side effects ?

A
  • eg .Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin
  • Binds 50s ribosome subunit- stop protein synthesis
  • Bacterostatic
  • Broad spectrum
  • GI disturbances - dihorrea and sickness
25
Q

what do tetracyclines do? type of action? spectrum ? side effects

A
  • Tetracyline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline
  • Binds 30s ribosome subunit- inhibits protein synthesis
  • Mixed bacterocidal and static
  • Broad spectrum
  • manages acne in young ppl
  • Deposited in growing bones and teeth- don’t use in children with developing teeth
26
Q

what do aminoglycosides do? mechanism of action? spectrum? side effects?

A
  • Inhibits 30s ribosome unit
  • Inhibits protein production
  • Bacterocidal
  • Broad spectrum Gram -ve
  • Often in combination with cephalosporins in dentistry
  • used Infective endocarditis
  • Nephrotoxicity (elderly/kidney disease) and ototoxicity (deaf)
27
Q

what does trimethoprim do? mechanism of action?

A
  • Inhibits folate synthesis
  • Interferes with DNA replication
  • Bacterostatic
  • Frequently used in UTIs
28
Q

give eg of some beta lactic antibiotics

A

penicillins and cephalosporins

29
Q

what does beta lactam mean?

A

the beta lactam ring
- cause of resistance In a lot of bacteria

30
Q

what do a lot of bacteria produce and why is this significant ?

A

beta lactamase
which is an enzyme produced by bacteria which split the ring - this means the a lot of bacteria are resistant to penicillin and cephalsporin

31
Q

what is the mechanism of action of penicillin and cephalosporin?

A

Inhibits peptidoglycan (murein) cross linking in cell wall
* Bacterocidal
* Penicillin narrow spectrum
* Amoxycillin broad spectrum
* Cephalexin broad spectrum

32
Q

what do we add to AB to counteract betalactamase?

A

clauvnic acid - beta lactase inhibitor = which makes the betalactamse producing bacteria not resistant to the AB

eg. co-amoxiclav

33
Q

what does hypersensitivity mean?

A

eg. if someone is allergic to penicillin they will most likely react to cephalosporins

34
Q

what are the different ways in which bacteria can resist?

A
35
Q

how can bacterial resistance be spread amongst species ?

A

Can be transferred between bacteria and between species * Conjugation (mating)
* Plasmids
* Transposons

  • Bacteria can either mate or pass on info
36
Q

general precautions with AB

A

All antibiotics can interfere with gut flora
Risk of clostridium difficile
Interaction with warfarin
Other specific interactions

37
Q

common exam questions

A

Describe the mechanism of action of penicillin?

How are bacteria resistant to penicillin?

How would you treat a patient with a tooth abscess who is allergic to penicillin?

What is the mechanism of interaction of antibiotics with warfarin?

4th Yr - CMS 1 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions