Skin 1 Flashcards
list some viral skin infections
measles
rubella - German measles
chickenpox
herpes
shingles
warts
what are measles ?
- preventable disease
- highly infectious
- part of UK childhood vax programme
- measles = respiratory infections that resolves after 7-10 days , virus, rash and spots on body (small amount of ppl will develop meningitis and pneumonia as a secondary infection
what is rubella ?
- German measles
- similar to measles
- mild respiratory illness
- rash
- malaise/ athralgia
- high risk to pregnancy : less than 20 weeks foetus will get abnormalities, deafness and 90% chance of transmission from mother to baby
what is a dermatome?
- the skin that’s affected is the dermatome that was served by the nerve that had the virus
what are chicken pox?
- caused by varicella roster virus
- don’t vax against this in uk
- common childhood infection
- mild illness
- itchy skin lesions
- the virus can remain dormant in nervous system and sits for yrs until u become immunocompromised, ill or surgery virus can be active again and u can get shingles
what is the herpes simplex virus?
HS1 = oral to oral contact (get as a kid) - see this more clinically
HS2 = genital contact STD
what is primary herpetic gingivitis ?
- marginal gingivitis and vesicles on labial mucosa, tongue
what is HPV?
human papilloma virus (associated with lots of conditions )
warts - can last fro week or 2 can treat with cryotherapy or salicylic acid
genital warts
cervical cancer
head and neck cancer
how do we treat HSV1?
- acyclovir (can also use this for shingles, recurrent herpes labials, chickenpox
- inhibits Viral dna rep
- doesn’t prevent recurrence but shortens length of illness and heals
HS1?
- lies dormant in trigeminal nerve and can be reactivated by stress, steroid or uv rays, run down, sun exposure
- aka recurrent herpes labialis
- very infectious
what is the clinical significance of HSV1?
- if we see a pt with one we would ask them to come another day as the infection can spread from fingers to eye which can cause ocular herpes whcih can lead to vision loss (cataracts, glycoma), itchy red painful swollen
- we can catch herpetic whitlow which is herpes on finger - painful red swollen
vesicles contain infectious fluid
cervical cancer the rates and the links ?
- cervical cancer has similar rates to oral cancer
- has a strong link to HPV (transmitted by sexual contact)
- risk of oropharyngeal cancer
list some bacterial infections
folliculitis, boils, carbuncles, furuncles
erysipelas
impetigo
cervical cancer screening
- offered to all women
- aim to pick up cervical intra epithelial neoplasia( CIN)
- similar to dysplasia in oral epithelium
- 2008 - HPV vax for all girls and now boys
what are folliculitis boils carbuncles and furnacles?
- sweat glands, hair follicles and sebaceous glands in skin can get blocked and infected = drainage and antibiotics
- folliculitis = trapped hair follicule = once hair removed infection goes away
- boil= bigger version of folliculitis - if redness extended and liquid in tissue (pus)
- carbuncles and furuncle = no of boils all come together
what is erysipelas ?
- sreptocoocal forms pus
- can spread
- need to be assessed and treated with antibiotics
what is impetigo?
- common
- cross infection risk
- tender area
- yellow crust is the staph mixture
- antibiotics
what are the problems associated with skin infections?
- need to be able to distinguish if its a skin problem or dental related esp when lesion on check
- look at X-rays
list some immunologically mediated skin diseases
what is eczema?
- mast cell activation
- allergic rxn
what is the itch scratch cycle
how do we manage eczema ?
how do we manage contact dermatitis
what is psoraisis ?
- not flexor surfaces like eczema
what is the treatment for psoriasis ?
what is systemic lupus erythematosis? SLE
what is discoid lupus erythematosis?
- more localised compared to sle
- vesicles
how do manage SLE and DLE?
what is scleroderma ?
what is lichen planus?
- common
- immunological mediated
- known trigger
- distinct lesions
- cluster of red or white patches
what is the koebner phenomenon?
if u scratch skin u can rash in the shape of the scratch
what is oral lichen planus ?
how else can oral lichen planus present as?
desquamative ginngivits - more severe and painful - in whole attached gingivae
what does erosive lichen planus
how do we manage lichen planus ?
manage symptoms - steroids, dephlam
what is pemphigus and pemphigoid?
what do desmosomes and hemidosomes hold ?
what is pemphigus ?
- autoimmune reaction to desmosomes
- all the cells fall apart
- blistering in mouth and other areas of body
- long time to heal esp if u get secondary infection
what is pemphigoid ?
- autoimmune rxn to hemidesomosomes
- whole epidermis lifts off
- vehicles in eyes mouth and skin
what is dermatitis herpetiformis?
- subepitheial vesicles
linear IgA disease?
- subepitheial vesicles due to IgA
- if we see a child that has started a new drug and gets vesicles on skin can be due to liner IgA disease
