Skin 2 Flashcards
what questions do we ask when examining skin lesions ?
where is it?
what structures are close to it ?
how big is it?
what shape?
does it move?
consistency?
overlying skin/mucosa?
other features?
other significant findings ?
what questions can we ask if the skin lesion moves ?
- is it fixed to something ? (we ask this as the lesion could’ve come from the tissue its attached to or its become attached to that tissue eg. inflammation and cancer can stick things together that are next to each other
what questions do we ask in terms of consistency of the lesion?
what questions do we ask in terms of the overlying skin/ mucosa?
red
inflamed
normal
what other features or significant findings do we need to look at?
sinus
facial nerve weakness
numbness
other lymphadenopathy
other skin or neck lumps
what are skin cysts ?
- common
- no tx
- can flare up and get infected
- caused by sebaceous glands blockage the gland carries on producing sebum
- u will usually see white raised spot in middle
- if u squeeze can disturb it
how do we recognise if its a skin cyst or discharging chronic dental sinus?
- stick gp point into sinus and take a radiograph
- will show which tooth its coming from
list the different types of pigmented lesions?
vascular lesions
melanin
foreign material - tattoo
what is an amalgam tattoo?
will see it near site of amalgam
grey lesions
what can vascular lesions be caused by?
tumour or malformation
often difficult to tell
doesn’t cause problem more aesthetic problems
often present from birth
may appear shortly after
may regress or persist
what is telangiectasia an eg of?
vascular lesion
what is telangiectasia ?
what is spider naveus an eg?
vascular lesions
what is a spider naves ?
dilated blood vessels
what is the colour of the vascular lesion dependant on?
- if the lesion lies more superficially = more oxygenated blood supplied
- if lesion is deeper = more venous blood so will look purple
what is sturge weber syndrome?
- a type of vascular lesion
- facial vascular malformation
- port wine stain
- distribution of trigemnial nerve
- can be associated with cranial nerves
- also affects meninges
- may have epilepsy
what is infantile haemangioma?
- a type of vascular lesion
what is the most common vascular malformation?
haemangioma
- developmental or due to trauma
what questions do we ask ourselves when examining vascular lesions ?
emptying
- if they empty quickly = arterial blood supply
- if empty slowly = venous blood supply
how do we manage vascular lesions
- contact gp if haemangioma is besides tooth
- propanolol = beta blocker
- embolisation = stick wire up them this will allow clot and cause it to shrink down
how do we diagnose melanoma ?
7 point check
where can melanoma occur?
how does one get basal cell carcinoma?
what is squamous cell carcinoma ?
- grow quicker
- more ulceration
how do we treat skin cancer of the Basal layer?
how do we treat skin cancer of the squamous and melanoma?
- remove lymph nodes
- also do radiotherapy
- chemo therapy
- immune therapy
- targeted therapy if they have BRAF mutation in melanoma
difference between MSC and NMSC
