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4th Yr - CMS 1 > Blood 1 > Flashcards

Blood 1 Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

what are RBC also know as ?

A

erythrocytes

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2
Q

what are RBC derived from?

A

bone marrow

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3
Q

what’s the life span of RBC?

A

120-128 days

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4
Q

what is haem?

A

02 binds to it

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5
Q

what is the globin?

A

protein component

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6
Q

what is the purpose of haemoglobin?

A

transport 02 around body

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7
Q

what is anemia?

A

reduction of haemoglobin in blood

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8
Q

how much Haemaglobin do women have ?

A

over 11.5 g/dl

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9
Q

how much haemoglobin do men have?

A

over 13.5 g/dl

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10
Q

what is microcytic ?

A

small rbc < 80 fl

iron deficient anemia

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11
Q

what is normocytic?

A

normal rbc = 80-96 fl

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12
Q

what is macrocytic ?

A

large rbc >96 fl

vit b12 deficency

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13
Q

list some eg of different types of anaemia

A
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14
Q

what are the 3 causes of anaemia ?

A

reduced production - bone marrow failure
increased losses - heavy mensutruation
increased demands - pregnancy and malignant disease

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15
Q

what can be the cause of reduced haemoglobin?

A
  • abnormal globin chains
  • chronic inflammatory
  • deficiency state
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16
Q

what can be the cause of reduced normal red cells

A

marrow failure

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17
Q

what can be cause of blood loss?

A
  • bleeding = menstruation
  • abnormal red cells = autoimmune or hereditary
  • peptic ulcer
  • haemorrhoids
  • bowel carcinoma

hereditary = sickle ,G6PD, spherocytosis

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18
Q

what does deficiency in b12 result in?

A

microcytic anemia

19
Q

what does deficiency on folate result in?

A

macrocytic anaemia

20
Q

what does deficit in ferritin ?

A

microcytic aneamia

21
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of anaemia ?

A
  • pale conjunctiva or pale
  • tongue depopulation - smooth
  • beefy tongue - fissured
  • ulceration
  • more prone to infections eg candida
  • angular chelates
  • fatigue
  • shortness of breath
  • dizzy
  • palpitations
22
Q

what investigations do we take ?

A
  • size of rbc
  • haeamntics = check ferritin folate b12 and zinc( checks how well iron in absorbed in body )
  • micro swab for candida or infections
23
Q

how do we treat anemia

A
  • ferrous def= ferrous sulphate
  • folate def= folic acid
  • vit b12 = intramuscualr injections
24
Q

what is the dental relevance of anemia ?

A
  • help with diagnosis eg. glossitis, oral ulceration, pallor, depapulation of dorm of tongue
  • if person is anemic they have reduced 02 capacity = need appropriate assessments before anaesthesia
  • if candidosis, burning mouth or glossitis fails to resolve = worth further assessments for anaemia
  • contact gp to
25
Q

name some hereditary abnormal globin chain conditions

A

thalessaemia
sickle cell

26
Q

what is thalassaemia ?

A
  • normal haem production but genetic mutation of global chain which causes deformed rbc and therefore results in haemolysis (death of blood cell)
27
Q

which groups of ppl tend to have alpha thalassaemia ?

A

asians

28
Q

which groups of ppl tend to have beta thalasseamia ?

A

mediterranean

29
Q

what are the 2 types of thalassaemia ?

A

minor and major

30
Q

what is minor thalassaemia also known as ?

A

thalassaemia trait (heterzygotes)

31
Q

what type of anemia do we see in pts with minor thalassaemia ?

A

mild (persistent microcytic)

32
Q

what is major thalassaemia?

A
  • homozygous
  • beta
  • severe microcytic aneamia, enlarged liver and spleen, bone changes
  • large osteoporotic bones
  • obliterated maxillary sinuses
33
Q

what are some of the clinical effects of thalassaemia

A
34
Q

what is the dental relevance of thalassaemia ?

A
  • iron deposition in glands so present in salivary glands which can cause xerostomia
  • GA and sedation considerations due to less 02 carrying capacity
35
Q

what is sickle cell?

A
  • mutation in HBB gene - beta haemoglobin
  • most common in African descent
  • HbA = normal HbS = abnormal
  • autosomal recessive
36
Q

what is one of the clinical symptoms of sickle cell?

A

sickling crises

37
Q

what are the 3 types of sickling crisis ?

A

painful, aplastic and sequestration

38
Q

how does the sickle shape occur

A

if pt experiences: hypoxia, dehydration, exposure to cold , stress and infections

39
Q

what can happen if rbc become sickle shaped?

A

when blood thickens = blocks blood vessels which causes bone marrow infarctions which leads to tissue ischeamia

40
Q

what is aplastic in a sickling crisies ?

A

bone marrow stops producing rbcs

41
Q

what is sequestration in a sickling crises ?

A

when sickled rbc pool in the liver spleen and lungs

  • these pts need splenectomy
42
Q

what is the dental relevance of sickle cell

A
  • infections can lead to sickling crises
  • trait= carrying only one gene
43
Q

how do we diagnose sickle cell?

A
44
Q
A

4th Yr - CMS 1 (27 decks)

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