Theorists Only

Question 1

This theorist proposed that 8 stages of development unfold as we go through life. At each stage, a unique developmental task confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.

Success with crisis = healthier development!

Answer 1

Erik Erikson

Question 2

This theorist listened to and analyzed his patients. He became convinced that their problems were the result of experiences early in life. He thought that as children grow up, their focus of pleasure shifts. As a result, he suggested individuals go through five stages of psychosexual development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

Answer 2

Sigmund Freud

Question 3

This theorist stated that children go through 4 stages of cognitive development. He said that children actively construct their understanding of the world using schemes.

Answer 3

Jean Piaget

Question 4

This theorist proposed a sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.

Answer 4

Lev Vygotsky

Question 5

This theorist argued that through operant conditioning, the consequence of a behavior will change the probability of the behavior’s reoccurrence. For example, a behavior followed by a rewarding stimulus is more likely to recur.

Answer 5

B.F. Skinner

Question 6

This theorist helped bring ethology to prominence. He observed how greylag geese could “imprint” on him as if he were their mother. This helped demonstrate the importance of biology and evolution in development. Ethology is characterized by critical and sensitive periods of development.

Answer 6

Konrad Lorenz

Question 7

This theorist developed the social cognitive model which suggests how cognitive processes link to the environment and behavior. He focused on learning that occurs through observation and imitation of what others do.

Answer 7

Albert Bandura

Question 8

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence which states that intelligence comes in three forms: analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence? (Hint: He wears a thinking “CAP”)

Answer 8

Robert Sternberg

Question 9

This theorist proposed that there are eight types of intelligence or “frames of mind.” He named these frames of mind- verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.

Answer 9

Howard Gardner

Question 10

This theorist suggested that there are three universal levels of moral development: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

Answer 10

Lawrence Kohlberg