Adolescence (Ch. 11 & 12) Flashcards
Consists of: (1) restricted energy intake leading to significantly low body weight; (2) presence of intense fear of gaining weight or persistent behavior that interferes with gaining weight; and (3) disturbance in how body weight or shape is experienced
Anorexia Nervosa
Characterized by: (1) eating in a specific amount of time an amount of food that is larger than what most people would eat, and (2) sense of a lack of control over eating during an episode. Then purging by self-inducing vomiting or using a laxative.
Bulimia nervosa
In this cognitive stage, adolescents are no longer limited to concrete experiences as anchors for thought. They can conjure up make-believe situations, abstract propositions, and events that are purely hypothetical, and can try to reason logically about them.
Formal Operational Thinking
Piaget’s Final Stage
Involves creating a hypothesis and deducing its implications, steps that provide ways to test the hypothesis. Thinkers develop hypotheses about ways to solve problems and then systematically deduce the best path to follow to solve the problem.
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
Adolescents’ belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, as well as attempts (or feelings) of being noticed, visible, and “on stage.”
Imaginary Audience
Part of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invincibility (or invulnerability).
Personal Fable
Concept that consists of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the prefrontal cortex. Involves managing one’s thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and to exercise self-control.
Executive Function
Erikson suggests during this stage, adolescents are faced with deciding who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life.
5th stage- Indentity vs identity confusion
Defined as a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring options or alternatives
Crisis
The status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments. the status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments. Not only are they undecided about occupational/ideological choices, they are also likely to show little interest in such matters
Identity Diffusion
the status of individuals who have made a commitment but not experienced a crisis. This occurs most often when parents hand down commitments to their adolescents, before adolescents have had a chance to explore.
Identity Foreclosure
The status of individuals who are in the midst of a crisis but whose commitments are either absent or are only vaguely defined. They are still exploring options.
Identity Moratorium
Status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment
Identity Achievement
An adolescent who breaks the law or engages in conduct that is considered illegal. Low socioeconomic status, negative family experiences (especially a low level of parental monitoring and having a sibling who is a delinquent), and negative peer influences have been linked to this
Juvenile Delinquent
Researchers are increasingly finding that problem behaviors in adolescence are interrelated, and at-risk adolescents have one or more of these problems:
(1) drug abuse, (2) juvenile delinquency, (3) sexual problems, and (4) school-related problems
Includes supervising adolescents’ choice of social settings, activities, friends, and academic efforts. Involves the extent to which adolescents disclose information to parents about their whereabouts. This disclosure, which is more likely when parents engage in positive parenting practices, is linked to positive adolescent adjustment.
Parental Monitoring
Period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occur primarily during early adolescence. Determinants of timing include nutrition, health, and heredity. Begins at an average age of 9 years for girls and 11 for boys
Puberty
A form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community, has been linked with positive benefits for adolescents such as higher grades, increased goal setting, and improved self-esteem
Service Learning
A ceremony or ritual that marks an individual’s transition from one status to another, especially from childhood to adulthood
Rite of passage
Adolescents show considerable interest in their body image, with girls having more _______ body images than boys do.
For boys, early maturation brings benefits, at least during early adolescence. Early-maturing girls are vulnerable to a number of risks.
negative
