Early Childhood (Ch. 7 & 8) Flashcards
Infant’s growth in the first year is rapid, but slows down in early childhood. What kind of growth pattern does the average middle-childhood display?
Children average 2.5 inches in height and 5-10 pounds each year
How many hours of sleep should a middle child (3-4 years old) have each night?
10-13 hours of good-quality sleep
How much physical activity should a middle child (3-4 years old) have each day?
3 hours of physical activity per day, of which at least 60 minutes should be of moderate to vigorous intensity
What is the leading cause of death for young children in the US?
Accidents are the leading cause of death in young children, followed by congenital malformations, malignant neoplasms (cancer), and homicide
Which Piaget stage lasts from approximately 2 to 7 years of age. Here children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings. They form stable concepts and begin to reason.
Preoperational Stage
The inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective
Egocentrism
The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action.
Ex. The sidewalk is mad!
Animism
A centering of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others
Centration
The awareness that altering an object’s or a substance’s appearance does not change its basic properties
Conservation
This term, proposed by Vygotsky, means changing the level of support to a learner’s needs.
Over the course of a teaching session, a more-skilled person adjusts the amount of guidance to fit the child’s current performance
Scaffolding
This refers to awareness of one’s own mental processes and the mental processes of others.
Views the child as “a thinker who is trying to explain, predict, and understand people’s thoughts, feelings, and utterances”
Theory of Mind
During this substage (approximately 2-4 years old), the child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present.
Young children use scribble designs to represent people, houses, cars, clouds; they begin to use language and engage in pretend play.
Symbolic Function Substage
The second substage of preoperational thought, approx. 4-7 years of age. Children begin to use primitive reasoning and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions. “What if?” “Why?”
Intuitive thought substage
States that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of women and men.
The social hierarchy and division of labor are important causes of gender differences in power, assertiveness, and nurturing
Social Role Theory
Stems from Freud’s view that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent.
Psychoanalytic Theory of Gender
