Theories of Social Development

Question 1

Are traditional theories based on stages?

Answer 1

Yes.

Question 2

Are traditional theories more theoretical, rather than empirical?

Answer 2

Theoretical.

Question 3

What are Freud’s major contributions? (3)

Answer 3

1. Importance of early relationships. 2. Unconscious. 3. Idea that people are not rational.

Question 4

What theory did Eric Erikson come up with?

Answer 4

The theory of psycho-social development

Question 5

Describe the importance of relationships according to the psycho-social development theory.

Answer 5

Relationships are central to all aspects of learning and development.

Question 6

What parts of Erikson’s theory have been somewhat validated? (3)

Answer 6

1. Early childhood. 2. Adolescence. 3. Old age.

Question 7

What did the behaviorism approach emphasize? (2)

Answer 7

1. Scientific approaches. 2. Nurture.

Question 8

Who is Konrad Lorenz?

Answer 8

Father of ethology; studied imprinting in ducks.

Question 9

Who is Tinbergen?

Answer 9

Came up with the four main questions. Studied wasps.

Question 10

What influenced modern attachment theory? (3)

Answer 10

1. Ethology. 2. Freud. 3. Erick Erikson.

Question 11

Describe the ethology approach. (2)

Answer 11

1. Many complex behaviors don’t require reinforcement. 2. The nature of the species influences how nurture works.

Question 12

What does modern attachment theory emphasize?

Answer 12

Social emotional tie to another person.

Question 13

Describe the biological approach.

Answer 13

Temperament.

Question 14

What is temperament?

Answer 14

Genetic drives that affect how children respond to their environment.

Question 15

What theory did Albert Bandura start?

Answer 15

Social Learning Theory.

Question 16

Describe the Social Learning approach.

Answer 16

Learning is inherently social.

Question 17

When do children copy a model? (3)

Answer 17

1. If model is positively reinforced. 2. If the observer is rewarded. 3. Relation to the observer (gender, family, etc.).

Question 18

Does Sponge-bob have a negative impact on executive functioning?

Answer 18

Yes.

Question 19

Describe the Social Information Processing approach.

Answer 19

Describes how people solve social problems.

Question 20

According to Brofenbrenner’s Ecological model, what are changes over time?

Answer 20

The chronosystem.

Question 21

What does Brofenbrenner’s Ecological model emphasize?

Answer 21

That context matters.

Question 22

What did Ken Dodge (Social Information Processing) find out about aggressive individuals? (2)

Answer 22

1. They have a hostile attributional bias to ambiguous situations. 2. They do not pick up on certain social cues.