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Developmental Psychology > Intellectual Development and Academic Acheivement > Flashcards

Intellectual Development and Academic Acheivement Flashcards

1
Q

How did Alfred Binet think about intelligence?

A

As a complex set of processes.

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2
Q

According to Alfred Binet, what is the hallmark of IQ? (3)

A

Higher-level reasoning, judgement, problem-solving.

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3
Q

What did Stern give to the field?

A

The concept of IQ.

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4
Q

According to Stern, what does IQ measure? (2)

A
  1. Speed of cognitive growth 2. Child’s intelligence level relative to his/her age level.
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5
Q

One-factor theories believe what about intelligence?

A

Intelligence is one global factor.

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6
Q

Does Baby Einstein work?

A

No.

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7
Q

What did Howard Gardner believe about intelligence?

A

“Multiple intelligences”. 8 different types of intelligence. Each ability is separate with unique learning potential.

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8
Q

What were the findings from Terman’s Termites?

A

Longitudinal study that showed that child geniuses didn’t look much different from peers.

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9
Q

When does IQ become more stable?

A

Around 9 or 10.

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10
Q

What were the findings of the Scottish Mental Survey of 1932?

A

Correlations of IQ declines with older age.

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11
Q

What does IQ predict? (3)

A
  1. Grades in school. 2. Occupational attainment. 3. Income.
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12
Q

What is IQ not a great predictor of? What is the better predictor?

A

Occupational performance. Practical intelligence is a better predictor.

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13
Q

What is Cartell’s theory?

A

There is both fluid and crystallized intelligence.

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14
Q

Describe the course of crystallized intelligence?

A

Raises until well into middle age, then levels off.

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15
Q

Describe the course of fluid intelligence?

A

Raises until young adulthood, then decreases.

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16
Q

Describe the course of overall intelligence?

A

Raises until well into middle age, then decreases.

17
Q

What are some factors that decrease IQ? (5)

A
  1. Environmental risk. 2. Parental education. 3. Number of children in family (being youngest). 4. Parental unemployment. 5. Stress.
18
Q

How can intelligence be boasted? (4)

A
  1. Positive change in the family. 2. Work environment. 3. Styles of parenting. 4. Schooling.
19
Q

What are two reasons to use IQ measures?

A
  1. Predict academic success. 2. Comparisons among children.
20
Q

What are reasons to be cautions about using IQ measures? (2)

A
  1. Possible biases. 2. Limited view of intelligence (no practical or creative intelligence).
21
Q

What two types of goals can student be motivated by?

A
  1. Learning goals. 2. Performance goals.
22
Q

What are learning goals?

A

Desire to master material.

23
Q

What are performance goals?

A

Desire to do well on tests.

24
Q

What are entity beliefs? (4)

A
  1. Intelligence is fixed. 2. Effort not needed. 3. Avoid failure situations. 4. Helpless response when challenged.
25
Q

What are incremental beliefs? (3)

A
  1. Intelligence can be changed. 2. Effort is valued. 3. Enjoy challenges.
26
Q

What kind of motivation should be encouraged?

A

Internal motivation (i.e. not money for grades).

27
Q

Do Asian parents focus on effort or innate ability?

A

Effort.

28
Q

Who is typically thought to not have “Raw Brilliance?”

A

Women stereotyped as not having it, as well, as African-Americans.

29
Q

What is the Stereotype threat?

A

Idea that when a negative statement is activated, individuals perform more poorly.

30
Q

What are two types of praise?

A
  1. Effort feedback. 2. Ability feedback.
31
Q

Which type of praise is most effective in motivating children?

A

Effort feedback.

32
Q

Do cultural views of IQ impact children and career choice?

A

Yes.

33
Q

What are the four major misconceptions about Common Core?

A
  1. Created by government. 2. Mandate what and how students should be taught in schools. 3. Require a standard assessment. 4. Requires teachers to radically alter their teaching.
34
Q

How does the U.S. match up on achievement compared to other countries? What are we low at?

A

Generally, at, or below, average. Significantly low at math.

35
Q

Does the U.S. lag behind other countries in number of children in early education?

A

Yes.

36
Q

What is phonemic awareness?

A

Ability to identify component sounds within words.

37
Q

What is phonological recoding skills?

A

Ability to translate letters into sounds and to blend sounds into words; informally called sound out.

Developmental Psychology (20 decks)

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