Emotional Development

Question 1

Emotions involve what 4 features?

Answer 1

1. Physiological responses. 2. Subjective feelings. 3. Cognitions. 4. Desire to take action (expression of emotion)

Question 2

What basic emotions are there? (6)

Answer 2

1. Happiness. 2. Fear. 3. Anger. 4. Surprise. 5. Sadness. 6. Disgust.

Question 3

Are the basic emotions viewed as innate?

Answer 3

Yes.

Question 4

Each emotion is associated with two specific what?

Answer 4

1. Facial expression. 2. Physiological responses.

Question 5

Are facial expressions universal?

Answer 5

They may not be universal.

Question 6

Do blind athletes display emotions?

Answer 6

Yes.

Question 7

What is the role of experiences in the development of emotions? (2)

Answer 7

1. Influenced by experiences and context. 2. Social experiences “shape” emotions.

Question 8

What are two theories of emotional development?

Answer 8

1. Gradual differentiation theory. 2. Differential emotional theory.

Question 9

What is the gradual differentiation theory?

Answer 9

Newborns can only feel contentment or distress.

Question 10

What is the differential emotional theory?

Answer 10

All 6 emotions are expressed from birth (biologically innate).

Question 11

Does facial or verbal emotion discrimination develop first?

Answer 11

Facial emotion discrimination.

Question 12

By what age do infants develop an advantage for same-race faces (other race effect)?

Answer 12

By 9 months.

Question 13

What is the other race effect and example of?

Answer 13

Perceptual narrowing.

Question 14

What emotions are thought to be present at birth?

Answer 14

1. Distress. 2. Disgust.

Question 15

When does the “social smile” develop?

Answer 15

At around 6-8 weeks.

Question 16

When does interest develop?

Answer 16

Shortly after birth.

Question 17

When does fear develop and what is it related to?

Answer 17

Around 6 months. It is related to motor development.

Question 18

When does stranger anxiety develop?

Answer 18

At around 6-7 months.

Question 19

Is stranger anxiety universal?

Answer 19

Yes.

Question 20

When does separation anxiety develop?

Answer 20

At around 8 months.

Question 21

When does stranger anxiety peak?

Answer 21

At around 8-10 months.

Question 22

When does separation anxiety peak?

Answer 22

At around 13-15 months.

Question 23

When does stranger anxiety start to decline?

Answer 23

Over second year.

Question 24

When does separation anxiety start to decline?

Answer 24

During the preschool years.

Question 25

When do complex “self-conscious” emotions develop? What do they emerge with?

Answer 25

At around 18-24 months. They tend to emerge with the child’s sense of self.

Question 26

What are considered complex “self-conscious” emotions?

Answer 26

Shame, guilt, pride, envy.

Question 27

Do western cultures induce more guilt or shame in children?

Answer 27

Guilt.

Question 28

Do Eastern cultures induce more guilt or shame in children?

Answer 28

Shame.

Question 29

What is considered emotional intelligence? (3)

Answer 29

1. Ability to control/regulate emotions. 2. Emphasize with others. 3. Identify emotions in self and others.

Question 30

What did the Marshmallow task show?

Answer 30

Children most effective at the delay of gratification task redirected their attention.

Question 31

What was the marshmallow task a predictor of? (2)

Answer 31

1. Academic success. 2. Job success.

Question 32

What do infants do to regulate their emotions? (2)

Answer 32

1. Suck on finger. 2. Get attention from care-giver.

Question 33

What emotional regulation developments occur in middle-late childhood? (2)

Answer 33

1. They acquire adaptive strategies by age 10. 2. Develop problem solving, social support, distraction, redefining situations.

Question 34

What is social referencing?

Answer 34

Looking to care-giver to see how to react.

Question 35

What is the still-face task?

Answer 35

Observing the infant’s reaction when the care-giver is unresponsive.