Emotional Development Flashcards
Emotions involve what 4 features?
- Physiological responses. 2. Subjective feelings. 3. Cognitions. 4. Desire to take action (expression of emotion)
What basic emotions are there? (6)
- Happiness. 2. Fear. 3. Anger. 4. Surprise. 5. Sadness. 6. Disgust.
Are the basic emotions viewed as innate?
Yes.
Each emotion is associated with two specific what?
- Facial expression. 2. Physiological responses.
Are facial expressions universal?
They may not be universal.
Do blind athletes display emotions?
Yes.
What is the role of experiences in the development of emotions? (2)
- Influenced by experiences and context. 2. Social experiences “shape” emotions.
What are two theories of emotional development?
- Gradual differentiation theory. 2. Differential emotional theory.
What is the gradual differentiation theory?
Newborns can only feel contentment or distress.
What is the differential emotional theory?
All 6 emotions are expressed from birth (biologically innate).
Does facial or verbal emotion discrimination develop first?
Facial emotion discrimination.
By what age do infants develop an advantage for same-race faces (other race effect)?
By 9 months.
What is the other race effect and example of?
Perceptual narrowing.
What emotions are thought to be present at birth?
- Distress. 2. Disgust.
When does the “social smile” develop?
At around 6-8 weeks.
When does interest develop?
Shortly after birth.
When does fear develop and what is it related to?
Around 6 months. It is related to motor development.
When does stranger anxiety develop?
At around 6-7 months.
Is stranger anxiety universal?
Yes.
When does separation anxiety develop?
At around 8 months.
When does stranger anxiety peak?
At around 8-10 months.
When does separation anxiety peak?
At around 13-15 months.
When does stranger anxiety start to decline?
Over second year.
When does separation anxiety start to decline?
During the preschool years.
When do complex “self-conscious” emotions develop? What do they emerge with?
At around 18-24 months. They tend to emerge with the child’s sense of self.
What are considered complex “self-conscious” emotions?
Shame, guilt, pride, envy.
Do western cultures induce more guilt or shame in children?
Guilt.
Do Eastern cultures induce more guilt or shame in children?
Shame.
What is considered emotional intelligence? (3)
- Ability to control/regulate emotions. 2. Emphasize with others. 3. Identify emotions in self and others.
What did the Marshmallow task show?
Children most effective at the delay of gratification task redirected their attention.
What was the marshmallow task a predictor of? (2)
- Academic success. 2. Job success.
What do infants do to regulate their emotions? (2)
- Suck on finger. 2. Get attention from care-giver.
What emotional regulation developments occur in middle-late childhood? (2)
- They acquire adaptive strategies by age 10. 2. Develop problem solving, social support, distraction, redefining situations.
What is social referencing?
Looking to care-giver to see how to react.
What is the still-face task?
Observing the infant’s reaction when the care-giver is unresponsive.
