Emotional Development Flashcards

1
Q

Emotions involve what 4 features?

A
  1. Physiological responses. 2. Subjective feelings. 3. Cognitions. 4. Desire to take action (expression of emotion)
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2
Q

What basic emotions are there? (6)

A
  1. Happiness. 2. Fear. 3. Anger. 4. Surprise. 5. Sadness. 6. Disgust.
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3
Q

Are the basic emotions viewed as innate?

A

Yes.

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4
Q

Each emotion is associated with two specific what?

A
  1. Facial expression. 2. Physiological responses.
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5
Q

Are facial expressions universal?

A

They may not be universal.

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6
Q

Do blind athletes display emotions?

A

Yes.

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7
Q

What is the role of experiences in the development of emotions? (2)

A
  1. Influenced by experiences and context. 2. Social experiences “shape” emotions.
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8
Q

What are two theories of emotional development?

A
  1. Gradual differentiation theory. 2. Differential emotional theory.
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9
Q

What is the gradual differentiation theory?

A

Newborns can only feel contentment or distress.

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10
Q

What is the differential emotional theory?

A

All 6 emotions are expressed from birth (biologically innate).

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11
Q

Does facial or verbal emotion discrimination develop first?

A

Facial emotion discrimination.

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12
Q

By what age do infants develop an advantage for same-race faces (other race effect)?

A

By 9 months.

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13
Q

What is the other race effect and example of?

A

Perceptual narrowing.

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14
Q

What emotions are thought to be present at birth?

A
  1. Distress. 2. Disgust.
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15
Q

When does the “social smile” develop?

A

At around 6-8 weeks.

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16
Q

When does interest develop?

A

Shortly after birth.

17
Q

When does fear develop and what is it related to?

A

Around 6 months. It is related to motor development.

18
Q

When does stranger anxiety develop?

A

At around 6-7 months.

19
Q

Is stranger anxiety universal?

A

Yes.

20
Q

When does separation anxiety develop?

A

At around 8 months.

21
Q

When does stranger anxiety peak?

A

At around 8-10 months.

22
Q

When does separation anxiety peak?

A

At around 13-15 months.

23
Q

When does stranger anxiety start to decline?

A

Over second year.

24
Q

When does separation anxiety start to decline?

A

During the preschool years.

25
Q

When do complex “self-conscious” emotions develop? What do they emerge with?

A

At around 18-24 months. They tend to emerge with the child’s sense of self.

26
Q

What are considered complex “self-conscious” emotions?

A

Shame, guilt, pride, envy.

27
Q

Do western cultures induce more guilt or shame in children?

A

Guilt.

28
Q

Do Eastern cultures induce more guilt or shame in children?

A

Shame.

29
Q

What is considered emotional intelligence? (3)

A
  1. Ability to control/regulate emotions. 2. Emphasize with others. 3. Identify emotions in self and others.
30
Q

What did the Marshmallow task show?

A

Children most effective at the delay of gratification task redirected their attention.

31
Q

What was the marshmallow task a predictor of? (2)

A
  1. Academic success. 2. Job success.
32
Q

What do infants do to regulate their emotions? (2)

A
  1. Suck on finger. 2. Get attention from care-giver.
33
Q

What emotional regulation developments occur in middle-late childhood? (2)

A
  1. They acquire adaptive strategies by age 10. 2. Develop problem solving, social support, distraction, redefining situations.
34
Q

What is social referencing?

A

Looking to care-giver to see how to react.

35
Q

What is the still-face task?

A

Observing the infant’s reaction when the care-giver is unresponsive.