theories of motor dévelopement Flashcards
4 theories of motor dev
- maturational
- biomechanical
- information processing
- ecological
Maturational theory of dev
- innate process by a genetic, biological time clock
- environmental factors = rate of development
bio-mechanical theory of dev
- normative descriptive period
—>normal maturation (how mvt is being done) - biomechanical descriptive period
—> fundamental skills (defining each of those skills
information processing
motor learning and dev = computer like
external input received, interpreted, stored = new motor skill
memory, attention and feedback mechanism
which theory of motor dev is still used today
ecological perspective
what is the ecological perspective theory of motor dev
inter-relationship between: env, task and individual
two branches of the ecological perspective
- dynamic systems (motor control and coordination)
- perception-action
Dynamical systems of the ecological perspective
-spontaneous, self-organization of body systems = mvt
- mvt behaviour not hard wired
(greater flexibility for indv needs)
- a multitude of interacting constraints (rate limiters, controllers)
Perception-action of the ecological system
affordance: function an environmental object provides and individual
Body scaling: the use of intrinsic rather than extrinsic dimensions
Newell’s model of constraints
mvt is affected by indv, task and env constraints,
one affected will change the overall pattern of a mvt
Individual constraints
INTRINSIC DYNAMICS
- structural constraints (body structure change)
*will change more slowly overtime
- Functional constraints (attention, motivation, fear, experience)
* change over a shorter period of time
Task constraints
-external to the body
- skill specific (goal of mvt, rules guiding performance, equipment)
*useful to manipulate to help kids learn
Environmental constraints
- outside the body (properties of the world)
- Global (not task specific)
- physical (gravity, surface)
- sociocultural (gender roles, cultur norms)
