adolescent dev - growth: puberty

Question 1

aspects of adolescent that makes it a critical period

Answer 1

• changes in body composition
• changes in diet, Pa
• sedentary behaviours
• sleep
• sports and specialized motor dev
• emerging identity and role
• mental health

Question 2

what is proven to affect diet in adulthood

Answer 2

having family meals

Question 3

what happens physiologically with <9 hours

Answer 3

decrease leptin levels
increased gherkin levels
increase BMI, increase appetite, increase food intake

Question 4

Stages in specialized movement abilities

Answer 4

• Transition (7-9): mvt exploration
• Application (11-13): children choose what to pursue
• Lifelong utilization (14+): refinement

Question 5

Factors affecting puberty

Answer 5

• genetic
• biological
• stress
• SES
• Nutrition/diet
• % body fat
• chronic illness

Question 6

Puberty onset

Answer 6

19th century: 16-17
20th/21st: 11-13 y/o

GirlsL age of menarche (1st menstrual cycle)
Boys: environ 2 years after girls
- obesity associated with later puberty

Question 7

3 phases of puberty GIRLS

Answer 7

stage 1: pre-puberty, no sign
Stage 2: in puberty, breast enlargement, pubic or axila hair
STAGE 3: completing: period with signs of pubertal dev

Question 8

3 phases of puberty BOYS

Answer 8

STAGE1: high voice
STAGE2: deepening of voice, early pubic or axillary hair, enlargement of testes or penis
STAGE3: voice fully broken, facial hair, adult size penis w/ pubic hair and axillary hair

Question 9

Tanner stages puberty girls
Breast

Answer 9

1: elevation of papilla
2: elevation breast/papilla, areola diameter enlarged, age:9.8
3: further enlargement w/ separation breast/areola, age:11.2
4: secondary mound of areola and papilla above breast, age: 12.1
5: recession of areola to contour of breast, age 14.6

Question 10

Tanner stages puberty girls
pubic hair

Answer 10

1: no hair
2: sparse, long, pigmented hair along labia majora, age 10.5
3: dark, course, curled spread overmons, age 11.4
4: adult hair type, abundant limited to mons, age 12
5: adult type spread in quantity and distribution, age 13.7

Question 11

who is in charge of the hormonal control of puberty

Answer 11

• hypothalamic
• pituitary
• gonadal axis

Question 12

what does the hypothalamus releases

Answer 12

gonadotropin releasing hormone
- follicle stimulating hormone
- luteinizing hormone

Question 13

What is the role of FSH/LH

Answer 13

activate the gonads
- rel estrogen/progesterone and testosterone

Question 14

Hormonal changes in puberty

Answer 14

Increase: GH, liver lipolysis, FFA
Decreased: insulin sensitivity
Females: estrogen increases fat deposition (peripherally)
Males: testosterone increases FFM

Question 15

delayed onset of puberty

Answer 15

the absence of secondary sexual characteristics by age 13 in girls or 16 in boys

Question 16

causes of delayed onset of puberty

Answer 16

• constitutional growth delay (inherited, temporary, delay in growth)
• Underlying medical condition
  (diabetes, cystic fibrosis, kidney disease)
• Not considered a medical concern
• severely delayed/absent puberty can be treated with HRT

Question 17

Precocious puberty

Answer 17

appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 in girls 9 in boys

Question 18

types of precocious puberty

Answer 18

• Central precocious puberty
  (normal pattern but too soon, could be tumor, hypothyroidism)
• Peripheral precocious puberty
  (less common, congenital-> idiopathic, issue with testicls, ovaries, adrenal glands)
• Isosexual
  (consistent w/ genetic and gonadal sex of the child)
• Contra-sexual
  ( feminization or virilisation)

Question 19

Precocious risk factors

Answer 19

• genetics: family hx of PP
• females > males
• racial background: more African American
• obesity
• exposure to sex hormones
• medical condition: abnormal production of androgens
• radiation therapy to CNS
• exposure to blue light

Question 20

Precocious puberty complications

Answer 20

• Short height
  (tall vs pears, but bones mature sooner resulting in shorter stature)
• Social and emotional issues
  ( social self-consciousness about changes occurring in their bodies)