importance of sleep Flashcards
the sleep cycle
- biological clock based on 24h sleep-wake cycle
- circadian rhythm
- internal clock
- controlled by brain precesses in response to wake/sleep hours and daylight/darkness
- darkness increases melatonin hormone which increases sleepiness
- internal clock disrupted by work, travel, early school starts, daylight deprivation, over exposure to artificial light at night
stages of sleep
NON REM
- stage N1
- stage N2
- stage N3
- stage N4
REM
Non REM stage N1
- transition to sleep
- eyes moving slowly, muscle activity slows, easily awakened
- lasts about 5 minutes
Non REM stage N2
- light but true sleep
- eye mvt stops, heart rate slows, body temp drops
- lasts from 10-25min
Non REM stage N3 + N4
deep sleep and very deep sleep
- deep sleep, very slow brain waves
- physically restorative
REM
- dream stage of sleep
- starts 70-90 min after falling asleep
- Rapid Eye Movement
- shallow breathing
- HR and BP increases
- arms and legs paralyzed
- sufficient REM positively correlated w/ cognitive function, creativity, memory consolidation
the sleep cycle
- composed of REM and NON REM stages
- the amount of time spent in each cycle changes as the night progresses
- most deep sleep occurs in the first half of the night
- later in the night stage N2 and REM alternate
- REM sleep lengthens in the early morning hours
importance of REM and deep sleep
- all stages important but especially N3-N4 and REM sleep
- N3-N4: swim growth and dev, repairing muscles and tissues, boosting immune function
-the body will prioritize deep sleep over REM sleep if sleep is insufficient
% of sleep stages
50% stage 2
20% in REM
30% all other stages
importance of REM sleep
- renews the mind by assisting w/ learning and memory
- the brain consolidates and processes information learned throughout the day
- forms neural connection assisting w/ memory function
- neurotransmitter boost, including mood enhancers such as serotonin and dopamine
recommended hours of sleep
*you’re than 4months: sleep pattern vary
*babies 4months-1y/o: 12-16h/day
*1-2 y/o: 11-14h/day
*3-5 y/o: 10-13h/day
*6-12y/o: 9-12h/day
*13-18 y/o: 8-10h/day
extrinsic factors of getting less sleep
- increased social opportunities and obligations
-ACADEMIC REQUIREMENTS - 24/7 availability of commodities and technology
- extracurricular activities
- sports commitments
- less parental monitoring as adolescents age
- part time work
importance of sleep across childhood and adolescents
physical, cognitive and emotional impact
- alertness and attention
- cognitive performance
- resiliency
- vocabulary acquisition
- learning and memory
- growth, especially during infancy
- memory consolidation in toddlers
- executive attention
- motor skill dev
consequence of inadequate sleep
- allergic rhinitis
- immune system dysfunction
- anxiety and depression
- long term negative effects on academic performance and issues of mental health, including risk taking behaviour and substance abuse
- focus, attention
insufficient sleep and childhood obesity
- hormones: increase ghrelin and decreased leptin
- changes in eating behaviour
- reduced PA/ increased sedentary