theories of emotions

Question 1

affect

Answer 1

generic term for range of preferences, evals, moods, and emotions

Question 2

preferences

Answer 2

relatively mild subjective reactions, pleasant or unpleasant, directed towards objecte

Question 3

moods

Answer 3

pos or neg affects w/o spec. target, but w some duration

Question 4

emotions

Answer 4

complex assort of affects, can be intense w physical manifestations

Question 5

xy axis of emotions

Answer 5

unpleasant–pleasant (valence), arousal–deactivation (activation, deact.).
high arousal- high neg or pos affect

Question 6

plutchik emotions

Answer 6

8 basic emotions- anger, anticipation, joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust. In a circle, combos of them create other emotions. Stronger or weaker (eg.; ecstasy-joy-serenity)
emotions very hard to understand- lots of diff research w diff results

Question 7

prototype view of emotions

Answer 7

feelings fit more of less to the prototype of a certain emotion

Question 8

social constructionist view

Answer 8

–

Question 9

theories of how emotions come out/come from

Answer 9

james-lange theory
something happens, body responds, emotion occurs.
cannon bard theory
something happens (arousal), body reacts and emotion occurs concurrently
they arg that emotions can happen immed. while physical aspects follow more slowly, and ppl can have physical feelings w/o emotion (heart racing from running, but no fear)
schnachter singer two factor theory
arousal, body reacts and bc event is consciously percieved, cognitive label occurs (“im scared”), emotion
lazarus cog mediational theory
arousal, appraisal (cog- how should i feel depending on context?), emotion
facial feedback theory- no cognition, brain responds to face. Could not be replicated though.

Question 10

facial feedback theory

Answer 10

no cognition, brain responds to face. Could not be replicated though, small effects, unclear conditions under which effect occurs

Question 11

excitation transfer- arousal and attribution

Answer 11

love on a bridge (dutton and aron)
two diff bridges, one scary another not scary. participants approached on bridge by attractive woman. in scary bridge sitch, parts wrote sig more sexual stories, and 50% called her
in safe bridge, sig less sexual stories, and 13% called experimenter
BUT NOT RANDOMIZED so prob due to thrill seekers vs non

Question 12

interruption theory and emotion

Answer 12

arousal plus mind theory (mandler)
interruptions lead to arousal,
if the cons. of the int. furthers your goals it leads to pos emotions, if it hinders goals, leads to neg emotions

Question 13

attributional theory

Answer 13

weiner
internal vs external locus (caused externally or interally?)
controllable?
durable?

Question 14

simulation heuristic

Answer 14

more easy to imagine other outcomes (a fluke incident) leads to stronger emotions

Question 15

norm theory

Answer 15

abnormal incidents leads to stronger emotions

Question 16

emotions as managers of goals

Answer 16

emot. as alarm signals- alert ppl to imp. goals

they lead to self-focused attention (is everything going well on the path i want to go on?)

Question 17

appraisal theory

Answer 17

primary (primitave) and secondary (problem or emotion focused coping)
fear related cognitions: w fear, there’s two cognitions that are central to your fear: 1) what are the chances of risk? 2) what is the expected negative impact?
-these together inform level of fear
-don’t always have full control of our emotions though, we may think about it too much or

Question 18

affective forecasting

Answer 18

ppl tend to overestiamte the impact of neg events
durability bias: ppl tend to overestimate impact of past events
ppl fail to take acct of their psych. immune system (don’t think they’re as resilient as they actually are)

Question 19

affect influences cognition

Answer 19

mood and helping; good mood–> more helping (unless it’ll ruin your mood)
mood leads to diff focus of attention; focus on self leads to helping while focus on other doesnt
separate process view
focus on rewards leads to helping, guilt/obligation emphasis doesnt
mood maintenence- if helping supports mood youll help, if not you wont
negative state relief hyp
unhappy ppl help when it relieves their mood

Question 20

mood congruent memory

Answer 20

if were in a bad mood, we think abt bad mems, if good, good mems
explanations
network model: spreadin activation (pos things activated, other pos things activated)
mood as information (judgment- how do i feel about it? if i feel good, everything must be positive)
affection infusion model (AIM)
pos mood- heuristic judgments; we go with simplified things which are generally more pos
neg mood- more controlled, so we dig into things thought wise and get more negative memory)

Question 21

mood and judgment

Answer 21

happy ppl like target objects more

Question 22

mood and decision making style

Answer 22

happy- flexible, quick

sad, more careful ,thoughtful, details

Question 23

mood and persuasion

Answer 23

pos mood increases compliance

Question 24

mood and wellbeing

Answer 24

being happy improves health, friendships, marriage, income, and performance

Question 25

separate systems view

Answer 25

zajonc
affective reactions are: primary, inescapable, irrevocable, diff to verbalize, dont need cognitions
objections: cog doesnt need to be conscious, can be rap and automatic