chapter 12: prejudice Flashcards
effects of emotion on likliehood to stereotype
anger=more
sadness=less because you think more
happy=more because you think less
perceived competition within stereotype content model
predicts warmth dimension; insiders/cooperative allies lead to more warmth, while exploitative outsiders cold/untrustworthy
perceived status within stereotype content model
predicts competence dimension; poor= less competent, rich=more
BIAS map
describes stereotype-based clusters of emotions that directly predict intergroup behavior.
Bottom right (low warmth high comp); envy; passive accomodation but potential active harm (under social breakdown)
top left (high warmth low comp); pity; leads to active help but also social neglect
bottom left (low warmth low comp; homeless/poor/drug addicts); contempt/disgust/dehumanization; active attack, passive neglect
top right (high warmth high comp); pride; active help, passive support
Intergroup Emotions Theory (IET)
ppl include their groups in their self representation; so ppl respond more quickly/acccurately to traits that match their self concept AND their ingroup concept. prejeudice as a specific intergroup emotion, from a specific appraisal (stereotypes), and creates specific emotional action tendencies (discrim.)
Enemy images theory
identifies national images that result form perceievd int’l context/percieved behav. intentions
viewed symmetically: ally (goal-compatiable, equal), enemy (goal incompat., equal)
asymettrically: dependent (the perceiver is goal-independent, perceiver lower status, and lower power), imperialist (the other is goal independent, higher status, higher power) barbarian (goal incompatable, lower status, but higher power)
also found in intergroup interactions generally; like in study of white/black HS students
biocultural approach
starting point is sociofunctional evolutionary perspective
emphasizes human interdepence, effective group functioning, and indiv. adaptation to group life
based on what is best for ingroup to survive, natural evolutionary responses
integrated threat theory
focuses on anxiety; predicting anxiety-relevant attitudes
antecedents: intergroup relations, individ. differences, cultural dimensions, and immed. situation
threats mediate between antecedents and intergroup anxiety
anxiety faciliates use of stereotypes
causal chain: antecedents predict threats plus anxiety and stereotypes, which predict prej. attitudes
proposes empathy as way to overcome anxiety and percieved intergroup threats
evaluation of race
ingroup/outgroup distinguished and evaluated in half second or less, automatic amygdala/right insula responses. results in more likliehood of seeing gun w blacks, more likely to shoot them. causes shame and anxiety in whites.
Aversive racism
reflects ambivalence that includes neg. feelings and beliefs, coupled w/ paternalistic sympathy + denial of the negativity
aversive bc: they reject the racism in themselves, and interracial interactions are aversive so they avoid them
biological underpinnings
genetic diffs within races about 10 times greater then for between races
Racial categories are NOT natural- theyr’e social constructs
Racial prejudice does not seem to come from evolution
segregation
american soceity more racially segregated than south african apartheid society
reduces interracial contact, the contact can reduce prejudice by increasing outgroup friendships and intergroup closeness
intimate interdependence in gender prej.
men and women need each other more than any other ingroup/outgroup, and have a LOT of contact; however, equal status is extremely lacking
role congruity theory
percieved incongruity between female role and leadership role leads to 1) harder for women to become leaders and 2) the same leadership behavior viewed diff between men and women
parental investment models
gender prej. based on evolut. parental needs; women have to invest more in repruduction than men, so they’re choosier (high status, who can protect) while men are promiscuous (more fertile mates).
