Theories Flashcards
Perceptual-Cognitive Theory (Gibson)
Perceptual & motor systems evolve together
Affordances
environmental cues that aid in perception
Body Scaling
making movement decisions based on an individual’s body proportions
Theory of Human Motivation (Maslow)
Physiological necessities at the base of the pyramid (breathing, food, water, sleep).
Self-actualization at the top (morality, creativity, problem solving).
Neural-Maturational Theory (Gesell)
Focuses on nervous system (e.g. reflexes).
CNS maturation - more complex behaviors emerge once less complex behaviors mastered.
Behavioral Theory (Skinner)
Operant conditioning
Behavioral Theory (Piaget)
Interaction btwn nervous system & environment = promotes action.
Dynamic Systems Theory (Thelen)
Movement emerges from interaction of multiple internal & external systems.
Internal (body systems) and external (motivation, arousal).
Focuses on relationship btwn individual, environment, & task.
Dynamic Systems Theory rate-lim factor example
stepping reflex goes away, but can be seen in water or gravity-reducing environments. Rate lim = body mass
Theory of Neuronal Group Selection (Edelman)
- Neural networks = species-specific behavior (e.g. humans walk upright).
- Selective activation strengthens/weakens synaptic connections based on individual experiences (e.g. sports, hobbies).
- Primary & secondary repertoires (#1 & #2) interact to form maps for function (i.e. memory).
Stages of skill learning (Gentile)
Initial Stage - successful achievement of goal w/ inconsistency (trial & error).
Later Stages - can adapt movement pattern to specific demands of a situation.
Programmed Longevity Theory of Aging
aging is the result of genes turning on/off.
Endocrine Theory of Aging
biological clocks control the pace of aging.
Immunological Theory of Aging
immune system declines over time.
Wear & Tear Theory of Aging
vital parts of cells/tissues wear out over time
