Older Adult Flashcards
general effects of aging include decreased… (5)
blood supply reparative cells metab tissue extensibility capacity for healing/inflam
what population loses the most bone density
women 4-8yr after menopause
Bone density T-score btwn -1 and -2.5
osteopenia
Bone density T-score < -2.5
osteoporosis
Recs for bone health
WB physical activity (3-5 days/wk)
Calcium & Vit D
Primary impairments with OA & DJD
pain with movement
decreased ROM
Secondary impairments with OA & DJD
musc weakness
bone spurs
Conditions affecting cartilage include
OA
DJD
DDD
Recs for cartilage health
aquatics, open-chain
muscle mass decrease rate
5% per decade
When does muscle mass begin to decline? When does it become more rapid?
Starts at 50
Rapid after 70
Which type of contraction appears best maintained
eccentric
loss of strength with bedrest/immobility
50% within 3-5 wks
Sarcopenia = lean body mass below…
< 2 SD
Loss of bone mass, loss of shock absorption at joints, and reduced muscle mass/strength results in…
decreased function
decreased mobility
increased risk of fall or injury
changes in the brain
ventricles enlarge
decreased blood flow
decreased NTs
Reaction time: what is it? What does it measure?
amount of time btwn stimulus and motor response.
measures nervous system efficiency
What can quicken reaction time?
physical activity
What is contrast sensitivity?
loss of depth perception
What is presyopia?
inability to focus vision on nearby objects
Common visual pathologies
macular degeneration
glaucoma
cataract
diabetic retinopathy
What is prebycusis?
decreased hearing acuity
decreased ability to localize sounds
Brain atrophy, reduced rxn time, memory & sensory loss results in…
decreased function
decreased mobility
increased risk of fall or injury
Postural sway _____ (increases/decreases) with age
increases
Postural strategy changes
slower anticipatory responses
Gait characteristics in older
shorter step length wider BOS more freq steps, but slower speed out-toe flat foot decreased pelvic rotation
intrinsic risk factors of falls
decreased strength, endurance, flexibility visual impairment balance impairment increased rxn time decreased attention dizzy, fatigue, disease
extrinsic risk factors of falls
clothing shoes light obstacles uneven surfaces meds rushing
CDCs 3 steps to reduce falls
- screen
- assess
- intervene
Screen vs assess
Screen = STEADI questions Assess = Berg, Sr Fitness Test
Activity recs (per week)
Aerobic: 150min moderate OR 75min vigorous
Strength: 2 or more days
Balance: 2-3 days
Of the 35% of older adults who have a disability, what is the most common?
ambulatory
Of the 80% who have 1 or more chronic disease, what is the most common?
arthritis
heart
diabetes
STEADI questions
- Fall in the last 6-12mo?
- Fear of fall?
- Feel unsteady while walking or standing?
__% of older adults live alone
42%
