Older Adult

Question 1

general effects of aging include decreased… (5)

Answer 1

blood supply
reparative cells
metab
tissue extensibility
capacity for healing/inflam

Question 2

what population loses the most bone density

Answer 2

women 4-8yr after menopause

Question 3

Bone density T-score btwn -1 and -2.5

Answer 3

osteopenia

Question 4

Bone density T-score < -2.5

Answer 4

osteoporosis

Question 5

Recs for bone health

Answer 5

WB physical activity (3-5 days/wk)

Calcium & Vit D

Question 6

Primary impairments with OA & DJD

Answer 6

pain with movement

decreased ROM

Question 7

Secondary impairments with OA & DJD

Answer 7

musc weakness

bone spurs

Question 8

Conditions affecting cartilage include

Answer 8

OA
DJD
DDD

Question 9

Recs for cartilage health

Answer 9

aquatics, open-chain

Question 10

muscle mass decrease rate

Answer 10

5% per decade

Question 11

When does muscle mass begin to decline? When does it become more rapid?

Answer 11

Starts at 50

Rapid after 70

Question 12

Which type of contraction appears best maintained

Answer 12

eccentric

Question 13

loss of strength with bedrest/immobility

Answer 13

50% within 3-5 wks

Question 14

Sarcopenia = lean body mass below…

Answer 14

< 2 SD

Question 15

Loss of bone mass, loss of shock absorption at joints, and reduced muscle mass/strength results in…

Answer 15

decreased function
decreased mobility
increased risk of fall or injury

Question 16

changes in the brain

Answer 16

ventricles enlarge
decreased blood flow
decreased NTs

Question 17

Reaction time: what is it? What does it measure?

Answer 17

amount of time btwn stimulus and motor response.

measures nervous system efficiency

Question 18

What can quicken reaction time?

Answer 18

physical activity

Question 19

What is contrast sensitivity?

Answer 19

loss of depth perception

Question 20

What is presyopia?

Answer 20

inability to focus vision on nearby objects

Question 21

Common visual pathologies

Answer 21

macular degeneration
glaucoma
cataract
diabetic retinopathy

Question 22

What is prebycusis?

Answer 22

decreased hearing acuity

decreased ability to localize sounds

Question 23

Brain atrophy, reduced rxn time, memory & sensory loss results in…

Answer 23

decreased function
decreased mobility
increased risk of fall or injury

Question 24

Postural sway _____ (increases/decreases) with age

Answer 24

increases

Question 25

Postural strategy changes

Answer 25

slower anticipatory responses

Question 26

Gait characteristics in older

Answer 26

shorter step length
wider BOS
more freq steps, but slower speed
out-toe
flat foot
decreased pelvic rotation

Question 27

intrinsic risk factors of falls

Answer 27

decreased strength, endurance, flexibility
visual impairment
balance impairment
increased rxn time
decreased attention
dizzy, fatigue, disease

Question 28

extrinsic risk factors of falls

Answer 28

clothing
shoes
light
obstacles
uneven surfaces
meds
rushing

Question 29

CDCs 3 steps to reduce falls

Answer 29

1. screen
2. assess
3. intervene

Question 30

Screen vs assess

Answer 30

Screen = STEADI questions
Assess = Berg, Sr Fitness Test

Question 31

Activity recs (per week)

Answer 31

Aerobic: 150min moderate OR 75min vigorous
Strength: 2 or more days
Balance: 2-3 days

Question 32

Of the 35% of older adults who have a disability, what is the most common?

Answer 32

ambulatory

Question 33

Of the 80% who have 1 or more chronic disease, what is the most common?

Answer 33

arthritis
heart
diabetes

Question 34

STEADI questions

Answer 34

1. Fall in the last 6-12mo?
2. Fear of fall?
3. Feel unsteady while walking or standing?

Question 35

__% of older adults live alone

Answer 35

42%