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Motor Development > Motor Dev/Ctrl/Learning > Flashcards

Motor Dev/Ctrl/Learning Flashcards

1
Q

Motor Development defintion

A

age-related process, requires control & learning.

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2
Q

Motor Control definition

A

control/organization of the processes underlying functional movements

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3
Q

Motor Control develops ___ (quickly/slowly)

A

quick

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4
Q

Motor Learning definition

A

acquisition of motor behaviors thru practice/experience.

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5
Q

Motor Learning develops ____ (quickly/slowly)

A

Slowly, requires practice

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6
Q

Cephalocaudal concept of motor dev

A

arm buds before leg buds, voluntary control of UE before LE.

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7
Q

Proximodistal concept of motor dev

A

spinal cord before arm buds, voluntary control of arms before fingers.

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8
Q

Nervous system maturation: Universality

A

predictable patterns/relationships of development.

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9
Q

Nervous system maturation: Variability

A

individual diffs

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10
Q

Experience-Expectant Neural Maturation

A

development that occurs as a result of common experiences that all humans are exposed to (e.g. language).

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11
Q

Experience-Dependent Neural Maturation

A

continuing process that occurs as a result of individual life experiences (e.g. learning English).

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12
Q

Sensitive Periods

A

experience has an unusually strong effect on the brain during a limited period in development.

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13
Q

Periods of Instability

A

normal to have periods of regression or plateau

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14
Q

Periodic Equilibrium

A

Spiraling pattern of development
Normal to have periods of stability/instability.
Normal to have symmetry/asymmetry.
Growth is NOT a linear process.

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15
Q

Maturation-Based motor control theory

A

early movement due to reflexes/reactions

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16
Q

Learning-Based motor control theory

A

skills emerge as we repeat actions that are rewarded

17
Q

Schema Theory motor control theory

A

learning rules to evaluate, correct, & update memory for a given movement

18
Q

General Motor Program (GMP)

A

memory structure that provides instructions for actions so we dont have to create each movement from scratch

19
Q

Central Pattern Generators (CPG)

A

interneuronal network independent of sensory stim

20
Q

Dynamic Systems Model motor control theory

A

Emphasis on process vs. product

no system is most important, optimize environment to promote activity/participation

21
Q

CPG is more ___ (basic/complex) than GMP

A

basic

22
Q

Recall schema

A

extrinsic

23
Q

Recognition schema

A

intrinsic

24
Q

Random Practice

A

variety of tasks at random, rarely practice one skill 2x in a row.
Adults learn best this way.
Good method for transferring one skill to other skills.

25
Q

Blocked Practice

A

same task repeated several times before next task.
Good for children w/ cognitive impairments.
Also good for learning a new task for the very first time.

26
Q

Massed Practice

A

more practice time than rest time.

Good for discrete skills that have a start & end.

27
Q

Distributed Practice

A

more rest time than practice time.

Good for continuous skills (e.g. walking).

28
Q

Whole Skill Practice

A

practicing the entire task, best for continuous.

29
Q

Part Skill Practice

A

breaking into smaller chunks, best for serial tasks (e.g. setting dinner table).

30
Q

Intrinsic feedback

A

sensory

31
Q

Extrinsic feedback

A

target, goal, destination

32
Q

Inttermittent feedback

A

provided less than 100% of the time, after every few trials.

33
Q

Faded feedback

A

more feedback in early stages, then decrease as they progress.

34
Q

Children benefit most from ____ (constant/intermittent) feedback

A

constant

35
Q

Children benefit most from knowledge of ____

A

performance

36
Q

Adults benefit most from ____ (constant/intermittent) feedback

A

intermittent

37
Q

Adults benefit most from knowledge of ____

A

results

38
Q

MOTOR DEVELOPMENT, LEARNING & CONTROL ALL RELY ON INTERACTIONS BETWEEN

A

THE INDIVIDUAL
THE ENVIRONMENT
THE TASK

39
Q

Bonus :)

A

YOU GOT THIS QUEEN

Motor Development (16 decks)

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