Motor Dev/Ctrl/Learning Flashcards
Motor Development defintion
age-related process, requires control & learning.
Motor Control definition
control/organization of the processes underlying functional movements
Motor Control develops ___ (quickly/slowly)
quick
Motor Learning definition
acquisition of motor behaviors thru practice/experience.
Motor Learning develops ____ (quickly/slowly)
Slowly, requires practice
Cephalocaudal concept of motor dev
arm buds before leg buds, voluntary control of UE before LE.
Proximodistal concept of motor dev
spinal cord before arm buds, voluntary control of arms before fingers.
Nervous system maturation: Universality
predictable patterns/relationships of development.
Nervous system maturation: Variability
individual diffs
Experience-Expectant Neural Maturation
development that occurs as a result of common experiences that all humans are exposed to (e.g. language).
Experience-Dependent Neural Maturation
continuing process that occurs as a result of individual life experiences (e.g. learning English).
Sensitive Periods
experience has an unusually strong effect on the brain during a limited period in development.
Periods of Instability
normal to have periods of regression or plateau
Periodic Equilibrium
Spiraling pattern of development
Normal to have periods of stability/instability.
Normal to have symmetry/asymmetry.
Growth is NOT a linear process.
Maturation-Based motor control theory
early movement due to reflexes/reactions
Learning-Based motor control theory
skills emerge as we repeat actions that are rewarded
Schema Theory motor control theory
learning rules to evaluate, correct, & update memory for a given movement
General Motor Program (GMP)
memory structure that provides instructions for actions so we dont have to create each movement from scratch
Central Pattern Generators (CPG)
interneuronal network independent of sensory stim
Dynamic Systems Model motor control theory
Emphasis on process vs. product
no system is most important, optimize environment to promote activity/participation
CPG is more ___ (basic/complex) than GMP
basic
Recall schema
extrinsic
Recognition schema
intrinsic
Random Practice
variety of tasks at random, rarely practice one skill 2x in a row.
Adults learn best this way.
Good method for transferring one skill to other skills.
Blocked Practice
same task repeated several times before next task.
Good for children w/ cognitive impairments.
Also good for learning a new task for the very first time.
Massed Practice
more practice time than rest time.
Good for discrete skills that have a start & end.
Distributed Practice
more rest time than practice time.
Good for continuous skills (e.g. walking).
Whole Skill Practice
practicing the entire task, best for continuous.
Part Skill Practice
breaking into smaller chunks, best for serial tasks (e.g. setting dinner table).
Intrinsic feedback
sensory
Extrinsic feedback
target, goal, destination
Inttermittent feedback
provided less than 100% of the time, after every few trials.
Faded feedback
more feedback in early stages, then decrease as they progress.
Children benefit most from ____ (constant/intermittent) feedback
constant
Children benefit most from knowledge of ____
performance
Adults benefit most from ____ (constant/intermittent) feedback
intermittent
Adults benefit most from knowledge of ____
results
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT, LEARNING & CONTROL ALL RELY ON INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
THE INDIVIDUAL
THE ENVIRONMENT
THE TASK
Bonus :)
YOU GOT THIS QUEEN
