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Motor Development > Posture 0-12mo > Flashcards

Posture 0-12mo Flashcards

1
Q

What forces contribute to final bone shaping?

A

Longitudinal (compression/tension)

Shear (torsion/twisting)

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2
Q

Acetabulum is ___ at birth, which increases the risk of ___

A

shallow

hip dislocations

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3
Q

What helps keep the femoral head in the acetabulum at birth?

A

physiologic hip flexion

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4
Q

Antetorsion

A

head and neck of the femur are rotated fwd in the transverse plane relative to fem condyles.
More common type of torsional deformity.

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5
Q

Antetorsion is associated with

A

in-toeing

w-sitting

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6
Q

Retrotorsion

A

head and neck of the femur are rotated posteriorly in the transverse plane relative to fem condyles.

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7
Q

Torsion at birth vs adult

A 
Birth = 30-40deg ante
Adult = 12deg ante
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8
Q

Version

A

position of the femoral head in the acetabulum (how far off frontal plane)

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9
Q

How is femoral version tested?

A

Hip rotation ROM

Not accurate for below 3yo bc they have tighter ABD & ER muscles.

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10
Q

What indicates femoral anteversion?

A

IR is significantly&raquo_space; than ER

If difference is >45deg = abnormally high anteversion.

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11
Q

What indicates femoral retroversion?

A

ER is signifiantly&raquo_space; than IR

If difference is >50deg = abnormally low anteversion.

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12
Q

Characteristics of persistent antetorsion/anteversion

A

W sitting
Running w/ legs swinging out
Often trip/fall
In-toe (pigeon-toe) walking - tibial torsion

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13
Q

Knee - newborn

A

moderate varum

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14
Q

Knee - 6 months

A

mild varum (due to active movement & gravity)

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15
Q

Knee - 1yr to 18mo

A

straight (due to WB)

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16
Q

Knee - 2.5yo

A

slight valgus

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17
Q

Knee - adulthood

A 
Females = slight valgum
Males = slight varum
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18
Q

Postural control is achieved by the cooperation of…

A

sensory system
MSK system
motor control system

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19
Q

An infant begins to use vision to drive muscle activation of the neck in supported sitting at age ____

A

4-6 days

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20
Q

At age ____, develops the ability to resolve sensory conflict to maintain balance

A

2-10yr

21
Q

At age ___, start to use somatosensory info to balance head & trunk

A

6mo

22
Q

At age ____, start using somatosensory info to resolve sensory conflict in standing

A

4-6yr

23
Q

Reactive Postural Adjustments (RPAs)

A

closed-loop system

body receives input & responds accordingly

24
Q

RPA example

A

flexing neck & hip flexors to prevent from falling backwards

25
Q

Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs)

A

open-loop system
minimize potential postural disturbances with movement initiation.
assist in achieving desired movment.

26
Q

RPA at age 5-6mo

A

activate agonist muscles in the direction opposite that they are falling

27
Q

RPA at age 10-12mo

A

activate muscles in a similar pattern as adults in standing

28
Q

APA at age 6-8mo

A

activation of trunk muscles before activation of arms

29
Q

APA at age 3-5yr

A

similar to adult-like activity in standing

30
Q

Righting rxn

A

moving head to keep eyes on the horizon

maintaining/restoring alignment of body segments in relation to each other

31
Q

Equilibrium rxn

A

occurs when COM shifts out of BOS
can occur as an RPA - as a response to external stim such as losing balance.
can occur as an APA - preparing movement, such as going into SL stance.
ex) torso elongates on WB side & lat flex on NWB side during SL stance.

32
Q

Head righting 0-4mo

A

when head turns to one side, body log rolls

33
Q

Head righting 4mo & on

A

when head turns to one side: roll becomes more segmental, rolling starts with the shoulders & ends with the pelvis

34
Q

Body righting 4mo - 5yr

A

stimulus: one leg lifted & pelvis rotates.
response: roll supine to prone with pelvic rotation, then shoulder, then head

35
Q

Labyrinth righting (any age)

A

hold infant vertically, tilt to one side.

infant will tilt head to keep eyes level w/ horizon

36
Q

Landau righting (what is it & what age)

A

infant held in prone (suspended off floor)
activates trunk/cervical ext to keep eyes on horizon
begins at age 3-4mo & lasts until 1-2yr

37
Q

how are equilibrium rxns different from righting rxns?

A

Equilibrium = total body response, more sophisticated than righting.

38
Q

lateral sitting equilibrium rxn

A

shift wt to one side in sitting
head & trunk lat flex
arm/leg ABD opposite the side of wt shift
head & trunk rotate toward abducted extremities

39
Q

Cephalocaudal development: 1st quarter

A

develop control of head in all positions in space

40
Q

Cephalocaudal development: 2nd quarter

A

advanced control of arms & upper trunk

41
Q

Cephalocaudal development: 3rd quarter

A

master control of lower trunk

pelvis in upright position

42
Q

Cephalocaudal development: 4th quarter

A

develop mobility/control of lower legs in upright stance.

improvements in overall postural ctrl

43
Q

Hierarchial model

A

postural reflexes & automatic rxns are inhibited to allow activation of voluntary systems (only focuses on CNS maturation)

44
Q

Dynamic systems model

A

rate-lim factors either facilitate or constrain the emergence of motor skills

45
Q

Order of development of planes of motion

A

Sagittal (flex/ext) first
Frontal (lat flex) second
Transverse (rotation) last

46
Q

General Spontaneous Movements

A

endogenously generated by central pattern generators (CPGs from lecture 1).
assessing spontaneous activity can help identify brain dysfunction & neuro impairments (greater sensitivity than ultrasound)

47
Q

3-4mo normal movement quality

A

fidgety movements - continuous stream of tiny, elegant movements occuring irregularly all over the body.

48
Q

3-4mo abnormal movement quality

A

absence of fidgety movements.

movements lack fluency, complexity, & variation.

Motor Development (16 decks)

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