Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Motor Development > Gross Motor 1yr+ > Flashcards

Gross Motor 1yr+ Flashcards

1
Q

Gait cycle characteristics (walking)

A

50% phasing btwn legs - each leg spends equal time in swing/stance.
DL support & SL support.
Consistent across lifespan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Independent walking/standing is achieved by…

A

9-18mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mature walking pattern is achieved by…

A

3.5 to 4 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Characteristics of early walking

A 
Short steps - very little leg/hip ext.
Flat feet, toes out.
Wide BOS.
No trunk rotation.
Arms in high guard (eventually progresses to mid guard, then low guard).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rate controllers in early walking (what prerequisites are required for walking)

A 
Adequate motor control & system maturation.
Adequate ROM.
Adequate strength.
Appropriate bone structure & body comp.
Intact sensory systems.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Walking: pelvic rotation

A

13mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Walking: narrower BOS

A

17mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Walking: synchronous arm swing

A

18mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Walking: heel to forefoot strike

A

18mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Walking: backward walking

A

18mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Walking: SL support time increases

A

1 to 2.5yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Walking: velocity increases

A

1 to 3.5 yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Walking: advanced walking achieved

A

3-4yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Walking: rhythm & coordination improve until

A

5yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Characteristics of proficient walking

A 
Increased stride length.
Heel to forefoot.
Narrower BOS, less toe-out.
Pelvic rotation.
Improved balance, less fwd trunk lean.
Oppositional arm swing w/ leg movements.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gait cycle characteristics (running)

A

Still 50% phasing btwn legs.

Flight period where both feet off the ground.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Characteristics of early running

A

Starts 6-7mo after child begins to walk.
May involve characteristics of early walking.
Limited leg ROM during flight phase = short strides.
Arm swing to accompany trunk rotation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rate controllers in early running

A

Task constraint - do they need to have the change in speed btwn walking & running?
Individual constraint - strength, balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Development of running

A

Improved coordination & strength.
Growth.
Changes continue thru childhood & adolescence.
Many adults exhibit inefficient running patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Running: speed increases

A

29-30mo
and
37-38mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Running: balance/coordination improve

A

45-46mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Characteristics of proficient running

A 
Stride length increases as greater force is used.
Elimination of lateral leg motion.
Heel strike or flat foot strike during extended running.
Narrower BOS, no toe-out.
Knee flex on supporting leg.
Trunk rotation increases.
Slight fwd trunk lean.
Oppositional arm swing.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stairs: walking up with support from railing

A

15-16mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Stairs: walking down with support from railing

A

17-18mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Stairs: walking up with no support

A

23-24mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Stairs: walking down with no support

A

25-26mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Stairs: walking up with one foot on each step, using railing for support

A

27-28mo

28
Q

Stairs: walking up with one foot on each step, no support

A

35-36mo

29
Q

Stairs: walking down with one foot on each step, no support

A

43-44mo

30
Q

Which develops first: up stairs or down stairs?

A

Up

31
Q

Which develops first: step-to pattern or reciprocal steps (on stairs)

A

step-to

32
Q

Jumping

A

off the ground with 1 or 2 feet

land on both feet

33
Q

Hopping

A

off the ground with 1 foot

land on same foot

34
Q

Leaping

A

off the ground with 1 foot

land on opposite foot

35
Q

Jumping forward 24 inches achieved by

A

31-32mo

36
Q

Jumping over 2in object achieved by

A

33-34mo

37
Q

Hopping & turning jumps achieved by

A

53-54mo

38
Q

Basic jumping achieved by

A

before 2yr

39
Q

Initial jumps are ____

A

vertical

40
Q

Jumping characteristics

A

Slight crouch

Legs not fully extended at lift off

41
Q

Beginning jumpers do NOT use ____

A

2 footed takeoff/landing

42
Q

By school age, most forms of jumps can be performed. What are they?

A 
Jumping forward
Jumping up/down
Jumping over hurdles
Turning jumps
Sideways jumps
43
Q

Hopping under age 3

A

Most cannot hop repeatedly

44
Q

Proficient hopping emerges when?

A

Preschool

45
Q

Gallop

A

moving forward with a step while leading with the same leg

46
Q

Skip

A

moving forward with a step and a hop on the same foot, alternating feet

47
Q

Early gallop/skip

A 
Arrhythmic
Stiff
Short strides
Little trunk rotation
Flat foot landing
48
Q

Proficient gallop/skip

A 
Rhythmic
Opposition of arms & legs
Heel to forefoot landing
Knee give
Trunk rotation
49
Q

Galloping develops AFTER _____ and BEFORE ____

A 
After running (2yr)
Before hopping (3-4yr)
50
Q

Skipping develops at what age

A

4-7yr

51
Q

First asymmetrical locomotor pattern

A

Gallop

52
Q

Last locomotor pattern

A

Skip

53
Q

Gallop: ____ is mastered first

A

dominant leg

54
Q

Skipping may be ____ at first

A

asymmetrical (due to leg dominance)

55
Q

Rate controllers for galloping

A

Requires variance from 50% phasing

Requires LE to do different tasks w/ different forces

56
Q

Rate controllers for skipping

A

Most complex fundamental locomotor pattern

Neuromuscular system has to coordinate 2 legs as they alternately perform asymmetrical tasks

57
Q

Early ball throwing

A

Limited to arm action alone (elbow ext).
No step into throw.
Limited trunk rotation.
Excess trunk flexion.

58
Q

Progression of throwing skills

A

Fling (13mo)
Overhand (19-20mo)
Underhand (23-24mo)
Hitting a target (43-44mo)

59
Q

Early ball kicking

A

Perception & eye-foot coordination to make contact with ball.
Completed in a single action.
No step forward with non-kicking leg. Arms stationary. No trunk rotation.
Kicking leg pushes forward at ball (may be bent at contact & immediately retract).

60
Q

Progression of kicking

A

Contact w/ stationary ball (15-16mo)
Kicking stationary ball forward (29-30mo)
Kicking stationary ball in air (68-72mo)

61
Q

CDC recommends that _____ should be the majority of a child’s ____ minutes of physical activity per day

A

Aerobic

60min

62
Q

CDC recs that muscle strengthening activities should be completed _____ per week

A

3 days

63
Q

CDC recs that bone strengthening activities should be completed _____ per week

A

3 days

64
Q

Examples of muscle strengthening activities

A

gymnastics

push ups

65
Q

Examples of bone strengthening activities

A

Jump rope

running

Motor Development (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions