Theoretical basis of care Flashcards

1
Q

Recovery

A

Recovery is the most important goal.

It includes 4 dimensions: home, health, purpose, and community.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Unlike previous editions, the DSM-V does not use

A

the multiaxial system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Phases of a therapeutic nurse-client relationship: introduction

A

Finding the diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Phases of a therapeutic nurse-client relationship: Working phase

A

Also called “identification and exploitation”

Clarifying the expectations you talked about during the introduction

Start the treatment

Evaluate the treatment

This is when transference/countertransference happens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phases of a therapeutic nurse-client relationship: Termination phase

A

Also called “resolution”

Reviewing progress toward goals (you also measure outcomes in the working phase)

Establishing a longterm plan of care

Focusing on self-management

This is the phase where the client’s symptoms might er-emerge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Erikson

Infancy, birth to 1 year old

A

Trust versus mistrust, because the first thing you have to do when you’re born is rely on others for help. You have to trust someone else.

Ability to form meaningful relationships with trust, and have hope for the future.

If it doesn’t go well, you will have the opposite- poor relationships, mistrust, and hopelessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Erikson

Early childhood, 1 to 3 years old

A

Autonomy vs shame and doubt. This age has to do with autonomy because it’s when you can first crawl and walk around on your own.

Self control, self esteem, willpower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Erikson

Late childhood, 3 to 6 years old

A

Initiative vs guilt. Because when you’re around 4 or 5, they might ask you to take the initiative to clean up your toys.

Self-directed behavior, goal formation, sense of purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Erikson

School age, 6 to 12

A

Industry verse inferiority

Ability to work, be competent, and achieve things (which makes since they are in school, where you try to get good grades)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Erikson

Adolescence, 12 to 20

A

Identity verse role confusion

Forming an identity when you’re a teenager

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Erikson

Early adulthood, 20 to 35 years old

A

Intimacy vs isolation. The age where most people get married.

Getting married.

If unsuccessful, you’ll be emotionally isolated and start to think everything is about you (egocentric)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Erikson

Middle adulthood, 35 to 65

A

Generativity vs stagnation. You’ve already gotten married and “made it” in life, so what do you do next?

If unsuccessful, you can’t grow as a person and can’t care for others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Erikson

late adulthood, 65 and up

A

Integrity vs despair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Psychodynamic theory was initially designed for which kind of disorders

A

Anxiety, neurosis, phobias, hysteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Principle of Psychic Determinism

A

All behavior serves a purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Onset of intellectual disability

A

Birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Onset of Schizophrenia

A

Men 18 to 25

Women 25 to 35

18
Q

Onset of MDD

A

late teens to young adult

19
Q

The 2 types of normal drives in psychodynamic theory

A

Sexual and aggressive

20
Q

Freud’s Oral stage

A

0 to 18 months

Schizophrenia, paranoia, substance abuse (the beer bottle pertains to the oral stage)

21
Q

Freud’s Anal stage

A

18 months to 3 years

Depression

22
Q

Freud’s Phallic stage

A

3 to 6 years

At this age they satisfy their drives through exhibitionism, masturbation, oedipal complex, they have castration anxiety, and females fear losing their mother’s love.

Sexual identity disorders.

23
Q

Freud’s Latency stage

A

6 years to puberty

Peer relationships, learning, motor skills develop, socialize

If unsuccessful you can have problems forming relationships

24
Q

Freud’s Genital Stage

A

Puberty and everything beyond

Combining all the earlier stages.

If unsuccessful, you can have sexual perversion disorders

25
Ego defenses
Become a part of the personality Promote self esteem and sense of well being In neurosis, the defenses are used constantly and are fixed
26
Cognitive theory
Piaget Humans develop through cognition and learning (which is obvious from the name) Native endowment sets the course for the child's development
27
The 4 stages of Piaget's cognitive theory
Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operations Formal operations
28
Piaget's sensorimotor stage
0 to 2 years old They achieve object permanence
29
Piaget's Preoperational stage
2 to 7 years old More extensive use of language and symbolism. Magical thinking.
30
Piaget's Concrete operations stage
7 to 12 years old Logical. Understands reversibility and conservation. Reversibility means something can turn into something else, and back again (like water and ice) Conservation means even if the shape changes, the amount is still the same
31
Piaget's Formal operations stage
12 years old to adult Thinks abstractly, operates more logically
32
Interpersonal Theory
Harry Stack Sullivan The "Self System" is the total components of personality traits Behavior is driven by (1) drive for satisfaction (basic needs like sleep and food), and (2) drive for security (conforming to norms). Mental illness occurs when there's a disagreement between the self system and the drives (satisfaction and security. People have anxiety, behavior is used to relieve the anxiety, which then gets Interpersonal Security.
33
Maslow's Hierarchy
It's a health model not an illness model ``` Hunger Shelter Friends/Lovers Self esteem Self actualize ```
34
Harry Stack Sullivan's interpersonal development stages
0 to 18 months - Oral gratification, anxiety occurs for the 1st time 18 months to 6 years - delayed gratification 6 to 9 years - Forming peer relationships 9 to 12 years - Sam-sex relationships 12 to 14 years - Opposite sex relationships 14 to 21 years - Self-identity develops
35
Health Belief Model
Healthy people do not always take advantage of screening and prevention because: - They think they're not susceptible - Thinking the illness isn't serious - Perceived benefits of treatment - Perceived barriers to change - Expectations of efficacy
36
Self-Efficacy and Social Learning Theory
Bandura Behavior is the result of cognitive and environmental factors People learn by observing others, relying on role modeling The theory talks about self-efficacy Behavioral change and maintenance depend on outcome expectations and efficacy expectations
37
Nursing Theories: Theory of cultural care
Leininger Regardless of the culture, care is the essence of nursing Health and well-being can be predicted through cultural care
38
Nursing Theories: Theory of Self-Care
"Self-Care" means activities that maintain life, health, and well-being
39
Nursing Theories: Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship Theory or Interpersonal Theory
Peplau This was the 1st psychiatric nursing theory It's partially based on Sullivan's interpersonal theory Sees nursing as an interpersonal process in which all interventions happen within the nurse-client relationship It includes 3 phases (Orientation, Working, Termination) The goal of nursing is promoting adaptive responses Behavior represents the person trying to adapt to internal or external forces
40
Nursing Theories: Caring Theory
Jean Watson Caring is an essential part of nursing "Carative factors" guide the core of nursing and should be implemented in health care Carative factors are the part of care that allows for therapeutic healing and relationships