Leadership, QI, policy

Question 1

Team Leadership Model: Decision 1

Answer 1

Should the leader monitor the team or take action?

Seek out information to understand the team

Analyze information

Interpret the information and decide how to act

Question 2

Team Leadership Model: Decision 2

Answer 2

Should the leader intervene to meet the task or relational need?

Performance functions

Task functions

Question 3

Team Leadership Model: Decision 3

Answer 3

Should the leader intervene internally or externally?

Assess for conflicts between group members.

Assess for unclear goals

Assess for proper support

Question 4

Reflective Practice

Answer 4

Reflection is used to make sense of experience

Enhances critical thinking and clinical reasoning

Links theory to practice

Question 5

Conflict

Answer 5

Occurs when a person believes he wants something that’s incompatible with what other people want

Question 6

Conflict resolution

Answer 6

Directed by a neutral party who tries to get a win-win

Question 7

Negotiation

Answer 7

Discussion between people, trying to reach a goal

Question 8

Mediation

Answer 8

It’s like a negotiation but there’s a 3rd party who is facilitating a DISCUSSION

Question 9

Arbitration

Answer 9

There’s a 3rd party who reviews the evidence and, unlike with mediation, they don’t just get a discussion going, they actually make a decision to settle the case

Question 10

Professional Civility

Answer 10

Behavior that shows respect toward another person

Question 11

Critical thinking

Answer 11

The acquisition of knowledge with an attitude of deliberate inquiry

Making clinical decisions based on evidence-based practice

Decreases the difficulty of choosing from conflicting or multiple recommendations when diagnosing and treating clients

Develops self-awareness, gain new insights about self, and in relation to others

Question 12

Research Utilization

Answer 12

It’s a specific part of evidence based, where you examine knowledge from research to make changes in practice

Question 13

The process of Research Utilization

Answer 13

Critique research

Synthesize the findings

Apply the findings

Measure the outcomes

Question 14

Develop a clinical question using the PICO method

Answer 14

Patient/population/problem
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

Question 15

evidence hierarchy

Answer 15

RCT, meta analysis, systematic review

Evidence based guidelines based on systematic review

RCT without randomization

Evidence from systematic review of descriptive and qualitative studies

Question 16

Internal validity

Answer 16

The intervention (independent variable) actually caused the change in the outcome (dependent variable)

Question 17

External validity

Answer 17

The sample is representative of the population and the results can be generalized (aka applied to external people)

Question 18

Descriptive statistics

Answer 18

Used to describe the basic features of the data in the study.

These statistics can be used in qual and quan studies

Examples of descriptive statistics are mean, standard deviation, and variance

Question 19

Mean

Answer 19

average of scores

Question 20

Standard deviation and variance

Answer 20

Pretty much the same thing.

How much deviation is there from the average. Low standard deviation means all the scores are around the mean. High deviation means the scores are all over the place, far from the mean.

Question 21

Inferential statistics

Answer 21

Values that let you make conclusions that go beyond just the data themselves; it’s about taking the data and saying, this is what the data means for the larger population

Question 22

Example of inferential statistics

Answer 22

t test

Analysis of variance

Pearson’s correlation

Probability

P value

Question 23

t test

Answer 23

Assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other

Question 24

Analysis of variance

Answer 24

tests the differences among three of more groups

Question 25

Pearson's r correlation

Answer 25

Tests the relationship between two variables

Question 26

Probability

Answer 26

how likely is something. 0 = definitely will not happen. 1 = definitely will happen

Question 27

P value

Answer 27

Also known as level of significance. It describes the probability of a particular result occurring by chance alone. For example, if P = .01, there's a 1% chance that the outcome was just from chance and not from your intervention

Question 28

Institutional Review Boards ensure that

Answer 28

Risks to participants are minimized Participant selection is equitable Adverse events are reported and risks and benefits are reevaluated Informed consent is obtained Everyone involved has to pass an exam about human rights

Question 29

Quality Improvement

Answer 29

Projects that improve systems, decrease cost, and improve productivity It lets you have a standardized way of evaluating things

Question 30

Institute of Medicine's quality aims

Answer 30

``` Safe Effective Client-centered Timely Efficient Equitable ```

Question 31

Donabedian Model of quality improvement

Answer 31

Structure Process Outcome

Question 32

Process of quality improvement can be P.D.S.A. cycle:

Answer 32

Plan Do (carry out the plan) Study (examine the results) Act (decide what actions will improve the process)

Question 33

Just Culture of Safety

Answer 33

Hold people accountable and investigates errors Goal of creating open and fair learning environment to design safe systems and manage choices It's a mindset that makes people proactively look for ways to improve the system

Question 34

Complexity Science

Answer 34

Provides a framework to understand, design, and structure change It's a nonlinear process It focuses on the interaction of the parts and relationships

Question 35

National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)

Answer 35

The NCQA has developed Health Effectiveness Data Information Sets (HEDIS) to measure health outcomes. Currently, 11 HEDIS measures exist: 1. Antidepressant medication management 2. Follow-up care for children prescribed ADHD meds 3. Follow up after hospitalizations 4. Diabetes screening for people with schizophrenia and BP who use antipsychotics 5. Diabetes monitoring for people with diabetes and schizophrenia 6. Cardiovascular monitoring for people with cardiovascular disease and schizophrenia 7. Adherence to antipsychotic medications for individuals with schizophrenia 8. Use of multiple concurrent antipsychotics for child/adolescents 9. Metabolic monitoring for children and adolescents on antipsychotic medication 10. Use of first line psychosocial care for children and adolescents on antipsychotic medication 11. Mental health utilization

Question 36

Patient-Centered Care Model

Answer 36

Welcoming environment Activation (which means client empowerment) Coordination and integration (assess the client's needs for services) Access and navigation skills (Provide the patient with a "medical home," keep wait times to a minimum) Community outreach

Question 37

Conflict of Interest

Answer 37

Conflicts of interests should be disclosed at least annually, or whenever new financial interests are received. Examples of COIs include relationships with companies, money, referrals, and fee splitting.

Question 38

The 4 components of health policy

Answer 38

Process: creating, implementing, and evaluating Policy reform: Policy environment: where it takes place Policy makers