Nonpharm treatment

Question 1

The most common reasons people seek therapy

Answer 1

Losses
Interpersonal conflicts
Symptomatic presentation
Unfulfilled expectations at life transitions
Characterological issues such as narcissism or aggression

Question 2

Besides the obvious, a reason that confidentiality may be breached is

Answer 2

the therapist believes the person needs to be hospitalized

Question 3

Cognitive Therapy

Answer 3

Aaron Beck

External things don’t cause the problem. The person’s cognition causes the problem.

Question 4

Behavioral therapy

Answer 4

Arnold Lazarus

Question 5

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy

Answer 5

Marsha Linehan

Emotional regulation, tolerance of distress, self-management, interpersonal skills, mindfulness, treating therapy-interfering behaviors (think, “What do borderlines need?”)

Goals:
Reduce SI,
Decrease emotional reactivity, self-invalidation, passivity, crisis-generating behaviors
Increase realistic decision making, accurate communication of emotions

Question 6

Existential Therapy

Answer 6

Viktor Frankl

Encourages reflection on life and self-confrontation

Accept your freedom and make responsible choices

You have to find meaning in life, “Why am I here?”

Goal is to live authentically and focus on the present

Question 7

Humanistic Theory

Answer 7

Carl Rogers

Also called Person-centered (humanistic…person-centered, sounds the same)

Self directed growth, self actualization.

People are born with the tools to become self-actualized

Question 8

Interpersonal Therapy

Answer 8

Gerald Kelman and Myrna Weissman

Focuses on interpersonal problems

Time-limited style

It’s great for treating depression in adults and kids. Can also be used for bipolar, eating disorders, substance abuse

Question 9

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing

Answer 9

Francine Shapiro

It’s a form of behavioral and exposure therapy

1. Desensitization phase- visual the trauma and verbalize your negative thoughts, this happens while maintaining the rhythmic movement, then you block out the negative thoughts.
2. Installation phase- You “install” or increase the strength of the positive thought that replaced the negative.
3. Body scan- Visualize the trauma and the positive thought, scan your body to check for tension

Question 10

Yalom

Answer 10

He came up with 10 traits of group therapy

Instillation of hope
Universality 
Altruism 
Increased development of socialization skills
Imitative behaviors
Interpersonal learning
Group cohesiveness
Catharsis
Existential factors 
Corrective refocusing

Question 11

Groups: Pre group phase

Answer 11

You decide on the direction and framework of the group (purpose, goals, membership, pre group interview, informed consent)

Question 12

Groups: Forming

Answer 12

Goals are identified with the group members (unlike in the pre group phase when it’s just you identifying goals).

Try to develop trust and rapport.

Question 13

Groups: Storming

Answer 13

Members are resistant. As the leader you have to work through the conflict, let them express negative feelings

Question 14

Groups: Norming

Answer 14

Resistance is overcome and people are strongly attracted to the group

Question 15

Groups: Performing

Answer 15

Increased productivity and experiential learning

Question 16

Groups: Adjourning

Answer 16

This is the termination (but remember the work of termination starts at the beginning when you set expectations)

Question 17

Reminiscence therapy

Answer 17

Progressive return to memories

Used with older adults

It helps to search for meaning in your life, and come to a resolution

Question 18

Boundaries

Answer 18

It’s a concept in Family Systems theory

Rigid/Inflexible boundaries lead to disengagement

Diffuse boundaries lead to enmeshment

The goal is to have healthy boundaries, a middle ground

Question 19

Circular causality

Answer 19

A concept in family therapy, where people contribute to the problem and it self perpetuates in a cycle

Question 20

Morphogenesis

Answer 20

A family’s tendency to adapt to change when changes are necessary

Question 21

Morphostasis

Answer 21

A family’s tendency to remain stable in the midst of change

Question 22

Family Systems theory

Answer 22

Murray Bowen

A person’s bad behavior may serve a purpose in the family, or it may be a symptom of family dysfunction

Focuses on anxiety in families

The goal is to increase SELF-DIFFERENTIATION (which is understanding that your self worth is not dependent on others). The other goal is to increase the awareness of everyone’s function in the family.

Question 23

In Family System’s theory: Triangles

Answer 23

Dyads that from triads to decrease stress. It’s a sign of a low functioning family

Question 24

In Family System’s theory: Nuclear family emotional system

Answer 24

The level of differentiation between the parents is usually equal to the level of the rest of the family

Question 25

In Family System’s theory: Multigenerational transmission process

Answer 25

Dysfunction present over several generations

Question 26

In Family System’s theory: Family projection process

Answer 26

Parents passing on their level of differentiation to the kids

Question 27

In Family System’s theory: Emotional cutoffs

Answer 27

Trying to break ties with the family

Question 28

In Family System’s theory: Sibling position

Answer 28

influences your personality

Question 29

Structural Family Therapy

Answer 29

Salvador Minunchin

You have to know how members relate to each other in order to understand the structure of the family

A person’s symptoms come from the family structure.

The goal is to change the family structure

Question 30

Structural mapping

Answer 30

It’s a part of Family Structural theory that maps relationships (enemies, allies, etc)

Question 31

Hierarchies

Answer 31

It’s a concept in Structural Family theory

Question 32

Experiential Therapy

Answer 32

Virginia Satir

Behavior is driven by personal experience as opposed to external reality (which is evident in the name of the theory)

Focus is on authenticity, freedom, validation, experiencing the moment (a little like existentialism)

Goal is not just to relieve symptoms but to promote growth, to work on communication, and increased self worth

It doesn’t focus on specific techniques

Question 33

Strategic Therapy

Answer 33

Jay Haley

Problems are from the hierarchical structure of the family (so fyi there are hierarchies in Strategic and also in Structural theory)

The focus is on the PROBLEM. You are directly looking to fix symptoms.

Symptoms are how one communicates with the family.

Techniques include straightforward directives, paradoxical directives (it’s when you tell them do to something while expecting they will do the opposite), and reframing.

Question 34

Solution-Focused Therapy

Answer 34

Steve deShazer and 2 others

Use solutions that have worked in the past

Use cognitive-problem solving and personal resources

Uses the miracle question, exceptions question, and scaling questions (it’s like using a standardized rating scale)