Nonpharm treatment Flashcards
The most common reasons people seek therapy
Losses
Interpersonal conflicts
Symptomatic presentation
Unfulfilled expectations at life transitions
Characterological issues such as narcissism or aggression
Besides the obvious, a reason that confidentiality may be breached is
the therapist believes the person needs to be hospitalized
Cognitive Therapy
Aaron Beck
External things don’t cause the problem. The person’s cognition causes the problem.
Behavioral therapy
Arnold Lazarus
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy
Marsha Linehan
Emotional regulation, tolerance of distress, self-management, interpersonal skills, mindfulness, treating therapy-interfering behaviors (think, “What do borderlines need?”)
Goals:
Reduce SI,
Decrease emotional reactivity, self-invalidation, passivity, crisis-generating behaviors
Increase realistic decision making, accurate communication of emotions
Existential Therapy
Viktor Frankl
Encourages reflection on life and self-confrontation
Accept your freedom and make responsible choices
You have to find meaning in life, “Why am I here?”
Goal is to live authentically and focus on the present
Humanistic Theory
Carl Rogers
Also called Person-centered (humanistic…person-centered, sounds the same)
Self directed growth, self actualization.
People are born with the tools to become self-actualized
Interpersonal Therapy
Gerald Kelman and Myrna Weissman
Focuses on interpersonal problems
Time-limited style
It’s great for treating depression in adults and kids. Can also be used for bipolar, eating disorders, substance abuse
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
Francine Shapiro
It’s a form of behavioral and exposure therapy
- Desensitization phase- visual the trauma and verbalize your negative thoughts, this happens while maintaining the rhythmic movement, then you block out the negative thoughts.
- Installation phase- You “install” or increase the strength of the positive thought that replaced the negative.
- Body scan- Visualize the trauma and the positive thought, scan your body to check for tension
Yalom
He came up with 10 traits of group therapy
Instillation of hope Universality Altruism Increased development of socialization skills Imitative behaviors Interpersonal learning Group cohesiveness Catharsis Existential factors Corrective refocusing
Groups: Pre group phase
You decide on the direction and framework of the group (purpose, goals, membership, pre group interview, informed consent)
Groups: Forming
Goals are identified with the group members (unlike in the pre group phase when it’s just you identifying goals).
Try to develop trust and rapport.
Groups: Storming
Members are resistant. As the leader you have to work through the conflict, let them express negative feelings
Groups: Norming
Resistance is overcome and people are strongly attracted to the group
Groups: Performing
Increased productivity and experiential learning
Groups: Adjourning
This is the termination (but remember the work of termination starts at the beginning when you set expectations)
Reminiscence therapy
Progressive return to memories
Used with older adults
It helps to search for meaning in your life, and come to a resolution
Boundaries
It’s a concept in Family Systems theory
Rigid/Inflexible boundaries lead to disengagement
Diffuse boundaries lead to enmeshment
The goal is to have healthy boundaries, a middle ground
Circular causality
A concept in family therapy, where people contribute to the problem and it self perpetuates in a cycle
Morphogenesis
A family’s tendency to adapt to change when changes are necessary
Morphostasis
A family’s tendency to remain stable in the midst of change
Family Systems theory
Murray Bowen
A person’s bad behavior may serve a purpose in the family, or it may be a symptom of family dysfunction
Focuses on anxiety in families
The goal is to increase SELF-DIFFERENTIATION (which is understanding that your self worth is not dependent on others). The other goal is to increase the awareness of everyone’s function in the family.
In Family System’s theory: Triangles
Dyads that from triads to decrease stress. It’s a sign of a low functioning family
In Family System’s theory: Nuclear family emotional system
The level of differentiation between the parents is usually equal to the level of the rest of the family
In Family System’s theory: Multigenerational transmission process
Dysfunction present over several generations
In Family System’s theory: Family projection process
Parents passing on their level of differentiation to the kids
In Family System’s theory: Emotional cutoffs
Trying to break ties with the family
In Family System’s theory: Sibling position
influences your personality
Structural Family Therapy
Salvador Minunchin
You have to know how members relate to each other in order to understand the structure of the family
A person’s symptoms come from the family structure.
The goal is to change the family structure
Structural mapping
It’s a part of Family Structural theory that maps relationships (enemies, allies, etc)
Hierarchies
It’s a concept in Structural Family theory
Experiential Therapy
Virginia Satir
Behavior is driven by personal experience as opposed to external reality (which is evident in the name of the theory)
Focus is on authenticity, freedom, validation, experiencing the moment (a little like existentialism)
Goal is not just to relieve symptoms but to promote growth, to work on communication, and increased self worth
It doesn’t focus on specific techniques
Strategic Therapy
Jay Haley
Problems are from the hierarchical structure of the family (so fyi there are hierarchies in Strategic and also in Structural theory)
The focus is on the PROBLEM. You are directly looking to fix symptoms.
Symptoms are how one communicates with the family.
Techniques include straightforward directives, paradoxical directives (it’s when you tell them do to something while expecting they will do the opposite), and reframing.
Solution-Focused Therapy
Steve deShazer and 2 others
Use solutions that have worked in the past
Use cognitive-problem solving and personal resources
Uses the miracle question, exceptions question, and scaling questions (it’s like using a standardized rating scale)
