Theme 8

Question 1

Function of Parasympathetic

Answer 1

not immediate

returns the body functions to normal after they have been altered by sympathetic stimulation.

Question 2

7 Traits by Parasympathetic System:

Answer 2

SLUDDSA
Sleep
Lacrimination
Urination
Digestion
Deification
Salivation
Sexual Arousal

Question 3

What is the principla neurotransmitter in all autonomic ganglia?

Answer 3

Acetylcholine

Question 4

What is the only neurotransitter in the motor division of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 4

Acetylcholine

Question 5

Acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle causes:

Answer 5

excitatory effect; contraction

Question 6

Acetylcholine in cardiac tissue causes:

Answer 6

inhibitory effects ; lower heart rate

Question 7

Two effects of acetylcholine?

Answer 7

1. nicotinic

2. muscarinic

Question 8

Nicotinic effects

Answer 8

post synaptic side of the neuromuscular junction is skeletal voluntary muscles.

Question 9

Muscarinic effects

Answer 9

post ganglionic parasympathetic effect on the exocrine glands and on smooth cardiac muscles. (involuntary)

Question 10

what type of Ach receptor is ionotropic? (ligand gated) in response to neurotransmitters?

Answer 10

Nicotinic

Question 11

What Ach receptor is metabotropic and is coupled with G-proteins to change postsynaptic cells?

Answer 11

Muscarinic

Question 12

Where are ionotropic receptors located?

Answer 12

muscle end plates
parasympathetic autonomic ganglia
the CNS

Question 13

what stimulates Nicotinic ionotropic receptors?

Answer 13

Nicotine, acetylcholine

Question 14

2 types of Nicotinic receptors:

Answer 14

muscular type

neuronal type

Question 15

What type of receptors does curare inhibit?

Answer 15

muscle type nicotinic ionotropic receptor.

Question 16

What type of receptors does hexamethonium inhibit?

Answer 16

neuronal type nicotinic ionotropic receptor.

Question 17

Curare

Answer 17

common in south america;
non-depolarizing muscle relaxant
competitive antagonist

Question 18

What is the Muscarinic cholinergic receptor?

Answer 18

7 transmembrane metabotropic receptor

Question 19

Muscarine or muscarin

Answer 19

natural product found in certain mushrooms;
found in the fly agaric Amanita muscaria ;
activate muscarinic receptor

Question 20

Both Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors have what in common?

Answer 20

same specific neurotransmitters, acetylcholine

Question 21

When ionotropic receptors are activated, it allows what ions to flow?

Answer 21

Na+, K+, or Cl-

Question 22

When metabotropic receptors are activated, a series of intracellular events are triggered that do what?

Answer 22

Open Na+, K+, and Ca+++ channels

&& also activates intracellular signals.

Question 23

Do ionotropic receptors or muscarinic receptors hanve long lasting effects and only remain open for a few miliseconds?

Answer 23

metabotropic receptors.

Question 24

Atropine

Answer 24

inhibits the receptor that constricts the pupils;
from the plant “deadly nightshade”
Atropa belladonna
increase pupil size

Question 25

ACh activation of the metabotropic receptors causes what?

Answer 25

inhibition;
release of Ca2+
IP3 is the 2nd messenger aswell as Diacylglyerol

Question 26

the g-protein in metabotropic receptors:

Answer 26

PLC phospholipase C

Question 27

Where does Ca2+ come from?

Answer 27

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

Fast EPSP is associated with what type of receptor?

Answer 28

Nicotinic

Question 29

Postganglionic neurons are usually receptors of what type?

Answer 29

Nicotinic

Question 30

Hyperpolarization (IPSP) and slow depolarization (slow ESPS) that recover from stimulus in postganglionic neurons are mediated by what type of receptors?

Answer 30

M1, M2, muscarinic receptors