Theme 4-Opposition Flashcards
What are Slavophiles and name a famous example
Slavophiles were people who believed that Russias unique cultural and heritage centered on traditional peasant structures (mirs), the Orthodox church and other naturally Russian institutions, and these should be preserved as Russia advances. Famous examples include Leo Tolstoy
What are Westernisers and name a famous example
Westernisers were people who wanted to copy the British and French path to industrialization and liberal reform. Famous examples include Ivan Turgenev.
Who was allegedly responsible for over 2000 fires in St Petersburg in 1862
Young Russia, a student Nihilist organization, formed in 1862
Who wrote Catechism of a revolutionary, a pamphlet advocating the abandonement of everything, incl morals, happiness and life in pursuit of Revolution and radical change.
Sergei Nechaev and Mikhail Bakunin
What was the Tchaikovsky circle?
Named after Nikolai Tchaikovsky, it was a literary circle in St Petersburg in about 1869. It wrote and distributed revolutionary literature, including the first Russian translations of Marx’s Das Kapital. From 1872, they prepared to send people to engage in populist movements involving rural peasants.
What is the Russian term for populism or going to the people and who was a famous example?
Narodnysim and Pyotr Lavrov, who encouraged 2000 people to persuade the peasantry of his political ideas in 1874
Which two groups did Land and Liberty split into in 1879?
Black Repartition and Peoples Will
What event radicalized russian opposition
Famine of 1891-92, killing approx 400,000
Who did land and liberty assassinate in 1878
Head of the Third Section
Who was the father of Russian Marxism and what group was he involved with
Georgi Plekhanov-Black repartition then later the Emancipation of Labour group. He was integral in advancing the two stage revolutionary strategy
What did industrialisation and urbanisation allow
Illegal trade unions, worker organisations and a concentrated relatively educated populace more effective for opposition than their rural counterparts
