Alexander III Flashcards
Who was Alexander III’s tutor
Konstantin Pobedonostsev
What did Alexander III’s reign begin with
The hanging of those implicated in his fathers killing and the ‘Manifesto of Unshakeable Autocracy’
What did Alex III refuse to do because of his fear of revolutionary activity
Live in the winter palace, he had a private fortress in Gatchina
What were land captains and when were they created
1889-They had the pwoer to override elections to the zemstvo and disregard zemstvo decisions. They were responsible for law enforcement and could overturn court judgements
Why were land captains important
They were predeominantly comprised of the upper class so they reintroduced the hierarchical and autocratic structure of pre-zemstva russia and resulted in an increasinglyy centralized russian state
An act in 1890 did what to the peasants vote in the zemnstva
Reduced its impact and channeled zemstva discussion away from political matters
Who led the Okhrana betweenn 1881 and 1884 and who lead it after 1884. What changes in the Okhrana were there during this time
Vyachelsav von Plehve
Pyotr Durnovo
The Okhrana was expanded, the no of police increased and new branches of criminla investigation were set up
What was the 1882 statute on police surveilance
Any area could be deemed an ‘area of subversion’ and anyone within this could be detained, arrested, searched, exiled or imprisoned not only those who had commited a crime but also those suspected or likely to commit a crime, with no right to legal representation
What happened to Alexander II’s judicial reforms
They were partially reversed. In 1885, a decree gave the Minister of Justice greater control, including the dismissal of judges
In 1887, the Ministry could hold closed court sessions and the educaation and property reqs for being a juror were raised and in 1889 Volost courts were put under direct control of Land Captains
What changes in education were made under Alexander III
Overseen by Delyanov, a new Uni charter in 1884 made appointments of Uni stafff subject to approval by the ministry based on Religious, Moral or Patriotic Orientation
Universities for women were closed abd uni life was closely monitored with groups of mroe than 5 students being banned, though this did little to prevent student movements
What issues were there with the goverments education reform
They actively hindered the efforts to economically modernise, as education was restricted and less effective
What were the ‘Temporary Regulations’
Censorship laws established in 1882 which allowed newspapers to be closed down and a life ban placed on any editors and publishers. Censors overall became more active and Russification was extended to Theatre Art and culture
What was abolished in 1885 and what was it replaced with
The Poll tax-replaced with inheritance tax
What was the one redeeming factor of trial by land captain
You had the right to appeal to higher courts after the trial
