Nicholas II Flashcards
Why was Nicholas II faced with issues upon his ascension
He did not expect to be Tsar so soon; His father had died much earlier than expected so had not given him much training in tsarring as he may have wanted
What actions did Nicholas II continue towards the empires ethinc minorities
Russification and support for the far right black hundreds organisation, who were deeply anti semitic
How many people died at Nicholas II coronation
Only 1400 from being crushed by a stampede for free food and drink and to see the Tsar
What change did oppositional groups undergo after the 91-92 famine
They became more politicized; more determined to end the tsars dominance that they thought caused the famine
After an incident in St Petersburh in 1901, how many students were killed and imprisoned after cossacks charged a crowd
13 dead, 1500 imprisoned
What was the nickname for the prevalence of arson in the years 1902 to 1907
Years of the red cockeral
Where was the unrest in the early 20th century the worst
In the central russian provinces, where the relationships between peasants and landowners was the most traditional
How did Stolypin, the Tsars minister, deal with the unrest
With great prejudice. The noose came to be known as ‘Stolypins necktie’, as many of those involved in disturbances were hanged
How did industrial strikes in towns and cities change in the early 19th century
Increased dramatically, from 17,000 in 1894 to 90,000 in 1904
What was the name of one of the Unions of the Zubatov Model, led by Georgi Gapon and how many members did they have
assembly of St petersburg workers
Twelve branches and 800 members
When was Vyacheslav Plehve assassinated and what was the popular response
1904; widespread celebration in warsaw and his final contribution was encouraging the russo-japanese war
Who replaced Plehve as head of the Duma and what was Nicholas II’s response
Pyotr Mirsky; Zemstvo representatives were invited to st petersburg for discussion
Nicholas refused to concede any degree of autocracy
How many workers were involved in putilov iron works strikes in 1905, which turned into bloody sunday
150,000
When did Bloody Sunday take place and why
9 January 1905
Where did Nicholas II spend his time during bloody sunday
Tsarskoe Selo, His summer palace
How many soldiers were used to break up bloody sunday, and how many civillian deaths
12,000, 150 killed
What was the event that finally precipitated Nicholas II meeting with the representatives of the bloody sunday rioters
Assassination of Grand Duke Sergei
What did Nicholas do as a response to bloody sunday
He dismissed the relatively moderate mirsky, bought in hard line replacements, and suggested that the marchers were poorly advised and should return to work
Where did a naval mutiny take place in 1905 and how many of the crowd watching were killed
The battleship potemkin
2000 killed
Who set up a general strike, beginning in moscow in 1905
St Petersburg soviet
What did one of the Tsars Grand Dukes threaten to do unless reforms were instituted
Shoot himself
What did the October Manifesto grant
Civic freedom- personal rights, freedom of conscience, speech and assembly
establish a state duma with the power to approve laws
What was the reaction to the october manifesto
Celebration in st petersburg-crowds singing la marsellaise
general strike called off
however radicals wanted to fight on, saying they haave ‘been granted everything and granted nothing’, as the status quo would essentially continue
What did the head of the moscow police, Dmitri Trepov do despite the oct manifesto granting full civil rights
Order troops to fire no blanks and spare no bullets in forcing strikers back to work
What happened to the St petersburg soviet in dec 1905
Hq surrounded, members arrested and exiled
What did Nicholas issue right before the meeting of the first duma
The fundamental laws, “ordained by god himself”
Tsar claimed the right to veto legislation,
Rule by decree in emergency or if the duma is not present
Appoint and dismiss govt ministers
dissolve the duma as he wished
Command the military
Overturn judicial sentencing aand convictions
What were each of the dumas and their epithets
1st duma-duma of national hope
2nd duma-duma of national anger
3rd duma-duma of lords and lackeys
4th duma-n/a
Who boycotted the first duma and what did that lead to
The Bolsheviks, SRs and the right wing union of the russian people leaving a radical-liberal composition. It was very critical of the Tsar and lead to Witte’s reisgnation as Prime Minister
What did the First duma send to Nicholas II
An Address to the Throne, in which they asked for political amnesty, abolition of the state council, universal suffrage and civil service reform.
What was Alexander II response to the 1st dumas demand
He told goremykin, who had replaced Witte, they were totally unnacpetable, ten weeks later the 1st duma was dissolved and stolypin replaced goremykin with even more of a hard line reputation
Why was Stolypin forced to use tsarist emergency powers to pass his agrcultural legislation in the second Duma
The Sr and bolsheviks had stopped boycotting so the 2nd duma was even more oppositionaal to the tsar
Why was the 2nd duma dissolved
Duma refused to ratify stolypins policies so he spread rumours about a threat to the tsars life and dissolved the duma, arrested the radicals and illegally altered the franchise law to reduce peasant and minority vote
How many govt proposals did the third duma ratify, giving it its epithet, but why was this still suprisiing
2200/2500
There was still a large amount of opposition, even for a heavily weighted court, proving how unpopular nicholas II was. e.g. in 1911 the Duma had to be suspended twice to force through legislation
When was stolypin assassinated
1911
What did the prime minister claim about the 4th duma
‘thank god we still have no parliament’ and then proceeded to ignore the duma
What did the failure of the duma mean
As war approached, opposition returned to direct action e.g. strikes (lena goldfields etc) as a means of revolt
What method did Stolypin use to deal with political crimes
Anyone suspected would be tried in a court martial led by military officers. The trial would be shorter than 2 days and no defense counsel was allowed. 3000 were tried and executed like this between 1906 and 1909
What did Stolypin believe needed heavily reforming
Agriculture
What ideology was revived in early 20th century and lead to unfortunate consequences
pan-slavism
Which was the only political party nicholas II sympathized with
Union of the Russian People because it told him he was inexorably linked with god
What disease did Rasputin claim to be able to heal
Nicholas II sons Haemophilia
What, overall, did the Rasputin scandal prove
That the Tsars outlook on his authority and poewr had remained unchanged from 1905, and he was immune to discontent from all those around him
