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history > the weimar republic 1918-29 > Flashcards

the weimar republic 1918-29 Flashcards

1
Q

give two reasons why there was a high lack of support for democracy 1918-29

A

-army openly disliked republic and army had lots of respect from german public
-dolchtoss

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2
Q

how did the republic creation mark change, what was the republic unfamiliar with and why?

A

-marked change of organisation and structure of power
-unfamiliar with democracy - previously had limited power to pass or reject laws

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3
Q

when did ebert announce the creation of weimar republic

A

november 9th 1918

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4
Q

why was the creation of the weimar republic difficult?

A

-external pressure
-unrest in country (due to defeat and treaty of versailles and abduction of kaiser)

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5
Q

what happened to germany’s military under ToV?

A

-only allowed 100,000 men
-conscription band
-6 battleships
-no submarines / air force

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6
Q

what was article 231 of the ToV?

A

war guilt clause

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7
Q

what happened to germany’s land under ToV?

A

-lost 10% of land
-lost empire
-coalfields

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8
Q

how many assassinations were there from 1919 to 1921?

A

376

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9
Q

when was the spartacist uprising?

A

january 1919

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10
Q

what caused the spartacist uprising?

A

january 4th - eichhorn sacked 2000 workers + workers went on strike (100,000 january 6th)

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11
Q

what happened in the spartacist uprising and what was the goal?

A

-took over government newspaper
-aim to take over germany as a communist country

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12
Q

how did the spartacist uprising end?

A

-ebert ordered freikorps to stop
-13th of january it stopped
-16th of january leaders killed

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13
Q

who are the freikorps?

A

group of right wing nationalist ex-soldiers. they hate the ToV and felt that they never lost WW1

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14
Q

when was the kapp putsch?

A

march 1920

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15
Q

how did the kapp putsch happen?

A

-march 20th freikorp, led by wolfgang kapp, due to being disbanded and fear of unemployment
-5000 of them marched in berlin and put forward kapp as politician and declared new government

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16
Q

why did the kapp putsch happen?

A

freikorps hated the weimar republic

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17
Q

how did the kapp putsch end?

A

-old government fled, strikes and essential services ended
-after 4 days kapp couldn’t govern

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18
Q

when was the ruhr crisis?

A

january 1923

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19
Q

how did the ruhr crisis start and why?

A

-germany couldn’t pay reparations in 1922 december
-they failed to send ruhr coal to france

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20
Q

what happened first in the ruhr crisis?

A

-french sent troops to ruhr to take payment in raw materials
-11th jan 1923, 60,000 french takeover ruhr

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21
Q

how did germany react to ruhr crisis and what did france do?

A

-workers went on strike and ruhr production stops
-french bring in their own workers (causes violence) and arrests them

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22
Q

how many soldiers did the french army have?

A

750,000

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23
Q

what did the ruhr crisis cause for germany other than hyperinflation?

A

-increase debts
-unemployment
-worsened shortage

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24
Q

how does the ruhr crisis and hyperinflation link?

A

weimar republic print more money to pay strikers and make up for the loss of coal / iron

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25
how did the price of bread change during hyperinflation?
one mark in 1919 to 200,000 billion marks in 1923
26
what were the positives and the negatives of hyperinflation?
-positives: owed money value decreases, workers do well and wages increase -negatives: normal living impossible, mass poverty, starvation and bankrupt
27
when did stresemann become chancellor?
august 1923
28
what were four things stresemann did to fix economic problems and how?
1) dawes plan 1924 - reduced reparations to 50 million a year, industry grows by 40% 2) introduces new currency - rentenmark to end hyperinflation, once reset prices, replaced by reichsmark, trusted currency 3) ends ruhr crisis 4) young plan 1919 - 6 billion and +59 years to pay off reparations, gov. can reduce taxes
29
what is the locarno treaty?
1925 UK, france and belgium accepted new border and france promised peace
30
what was signed in 1928 by stresemann?
kellogg briand pact - peace talks
31
what are the results to stresemann’s actions?
germans happier with government, restored national pride and europe see germany as respectable
32
how did the work of stresemann bring stability to german politics?
-coalitions work together so decisions can be made -hindenburg as president 1925 -people are happier
33
how many cinemas were there in the golden age?
3800 in 1932
34
what were the negatives of the golden age?
germany very reliant on the US loans / money - “we are dancing on a volcano”
35
what change was made for women during the golden age?
-equal rights -fashion -smoking / drinking
36
how did wages and housing change during the golden age?
-wages increased by 10% and hours drop -new housing built -60% less homeless
37
what is germany like after they lose WW1?
-2 million dead -huge debt -700,000 civilians starve
38
when does kaiser wilhelm II abdicate and what starts?
after revolution and weimar republic starts in august 1919
39
what does the weimar republic sign to end WW1 and what do germans believe?
weimar republic signs armistice and germans believe they have been stabbed in the back by government and jews
40
what is the weimar constitution like?
-first german democracy -equal voting rights and proportional representation -fair share of votes / seats in gov.
41
what does proportional representation cause?
lack of strong government as too many coalitions
42
what did article 48 do?
gave the president too much power as he could pass laws in crisis
43
what was the weimar forced to accept?
the treaty of versailles
44
how did the treaty of versailles affect the military?
-only 100,000men -conscription banned -6 battleships -rhineland demilitarised -germany felt weak
45
what was article 231?
germany had to accept full blame for the war (they hated this)
46
how did the treaty of versailles affect reparations?
£6.6 billion in fines
47
how did the treaty of versailles affect german territory?
-lost 10% of land -alsace + lorraine to france -no empire -saar coalfields given to france for 15 years -polish corridor given to poland
48
how else did the treaty of versailles affect germany?
-no union with austria -LON set up -forced to sign the treaty
49
what did the treaty of versailles cause from within germany?
intense hatred from german people
50
who were the spartacists 1919?
-left wing spartacists -led by rosa luxembourg -took over gov. newspaper -gov. sent freikorps and revolt fails
51
what was the kapp putsch 1920?
-right wing freikorps -led by wolfgang kapp -march on berlin -army refused to help and gov. flees -gov. asked unions to strike and putsch fails
52
what caused the ruhr crisis 1923?
gov. was bankrupt and struggling to pay reparations to france who invade ruhr (industrial region) to take payment in goods
53
what do the german gov. do in response to the ruhr crisis?
-german workers go on strike and weimar prints more money to pay striker and make up for loss of coal / iron
54
what does the gov. printing more money cause?
-hyperinflation -mark is worthless
55
what happened during hyperinflation 1923?
prices rise rapidly whilst value of £ drops
56
give examples of the prices rising during hyperinflation
bread 1 mark in 1919 to 200,000 billion in 1923
57
what did hyperinflation cause?
mass poverty and starvation, children even played with money
58
what were the positives of hyperinflation?
workers do well as wages rise and rich have land
59
what were the negatives of hyperinflation?
pensioners and middle class lose savings
60
when was gustav stresemann made chancellor and what does he do?
august 1923 and he engineers recovery
61
what was the dawes plan?
-gains loans from US (800 million) -burns currency and introduces rentenmark which ends hyperinflation and resets prices
62
what does stresemann do about the ruhr crisis?
-ends ruhr strike -france leaves and german industry starts again
63
what does stresemann do about international relations?
-signs locarno treaty 1925 with UK / FR / BL to accept ToV -joins league of nations and signs kellogg briand pact 1928 with 64 countries for peace
64
what does stresemann do about political stability?
gets coalitions to work together so decisions can be made
65
what does stresemann start?
weimar ‘golden age’
66
what was weimar culture and society like for women?
-could vote and be politicians -enjoyed social freedom (fashion, smoking and drinking) -improved jobs (3000 doctors by 1930)
67
what was the standard of living like in weimar germany?
-wages increase 10% -unemployment benefits -new housing
68
what was culture like in weimar germany?
-germany is a culture capital -new architecture like bauhaus spreads -cinema blooms, famous film metropolis

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