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history > medicine in medieval england c1250-c1500 > Flashcards

medicine in medieval england c1250-c1500 Flashcards

1
Q

who created the idea of the four humours?

A

hippocrates

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2
Q

what were the four humours?

A

-blood
-black bile
-yellow bile
-phlegm

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3
Q

what was believed to happen if the four humours were unbalanced?

A

you would be ill

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4
Q

what did a nosebleed show according to the four humours?

A

too much blood

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5
Q

did the church support the idea of the four humours?

A

yes

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6
Q

why did people support the idea of the four humours?

A

they thought it made sense

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7
Q

what did physicians use to diagnose illnesses?

A

urine charts linked to the humours

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8
Q

what did astrologists blame for illness?

A

stars and planets

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9
Q

what was the supernatural cause people believed for the black death?

A

movement mars / jupiter

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10
Q

apart from astrology, what was another supernatural cause for illness?

A

superstition

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11
Q

what did the church teach about god and disease?

A

god caused disease to test faith or for punishment

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12
Q

what was miasma?

A

bad air

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13
Q

what caused miasma?

A

dirt / waste

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14
Q

what were religious treatments in medieval england?

A

prayers and pilgrimage

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15
Q

what did barber surgeons use to remove demons from skulls?

A

trepanning

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16
Q

what is an example of basic antiseptic used?

A

wine

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17
Q

why was there a high chance of death during surgery in medieval england?

A

high risk of infection due to dirty tools

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18
Q

why was surgery not very successful during medieval england?

A

no anatomical knowledge

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19
Q

who made homemade remedies?

A

wise women

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20
Q

list two examples of homemade remedies the wise women made

A

-honey for infection
-mint for stomach

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21
Q

what theory was used to treat the four humours?

A

galen’s ‘theory of opposites’

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22
Q

list three examples of treatment to balance the four humours

A

-phlegm = have hot / spicy food
-leeching + cupping to remove blood
-purging with herbs drew out humours

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23
Q

what was a supernatural treatment in medieval england?

A

crushed magpie beak

24
Q

what did most people think about preventing disease in medieval england?

A

most people though only god could prevent disease

25
Q

what did people focus on to prevent illness in medieval england?

A

prayer and fasting

26
Q

what did the rich use to prevent illness?

A

regimen sanitatis: eat and live healthy

27
Q

what did people wear to prevent illness?

A

amulets and charms

28
Q

what did people use to remove miasma?

A

herbs and bells

29
Q

how did physicians train in medieval england?

A

by the church at university

30
Q

why did physicians have no anatomical knowledge?

A

dissection was banned

31
Q

what was a physicians role in medieval england?

A

to observe and diagnose

32
Q

who were apothecaries?

A

chemists who made herbal remedies

33
Q

did apothecaries have training?

A

they have experience but no training

34
Q

who were wise women?

A

local women with medical skills such as midwifery and making remedies

35
Q

when was the first hospital founded?

A

1123

36
Q

who ran hospitals in medieval england?

A

the church

37
Q

what did hospitals offer?

A

care not cure

38
Q

who did hospitals think would cure illnesses?

A

god

39
Q

who did hospitals turn away?

A

those with diseases

40
Q

what was public health like in medieval england?

A

poor: dirty towns and water and lack of waste

41
Q

did the government spend money on public health?

A

no

42
Q

how many rakers were in london?

A

12

43
Q

what did the government install in medieval england?

A

cesspits and water supply (york)

44
Q

when was the black death?

A

1348-49

45
Q

what were the believed causes of the black death?

A

-god
-planets
-jews
-miasma

46
Q

what was the actual cause of the black death?

A

rats

47
Q

what treatment was used for the black death?

A

-popping buboes
-praying
-spells

48
Q

what was a method used to prevent the black death?

A

flagellants whipped themselves

49
Q

what happened with public health during the black death?

A

government introduced quarantine

50
Q

how did the government affect progress in medieval england?

A

king and gov. spent nothing only during black death

51
Q

how did tradition affect progress during medieval england?

A

many respected tradition and saw ideas as rational and respected

52
Q

how many books did galen write?

A

300

53
Q

why did the church limit change?

A

they controlled everything and people were afraid of god

54
Q

who controlled education and ideas on disease?

A

the church

55
Q

whose ideas did the church support?

A

hippocrates and galen

56
Q

why did no one dare to challenge the church?

A

it would be challenging god

history (15 decks)

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