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history > medicine in 18th + 19th century britain > Flashcards

medicine in 18th + 19th century britain Flashcards

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1
Q

what idea about the causes of disease remained the same?

A

miasma theory

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2
Q

what did early scientists use which changed the ideas of causes of disease?

A

microscopes

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3
Q

what was spontaneous generation?

A

germs produced by decaying matter

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4
Q

what did pasteur publish?

A

germ theory

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5
Q

when did pasteur publish the germ theory?

A

1861

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6
Q

what did the germ theory prove wrong?

A

spontaneous generation

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7
Q

which did pasteur prove about microbes?

A

microbes in air cause decay and possible disease

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8
Q

what did koch prove?

A

proved pasteur right that germs cause disease

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9
Q

what two diseases did koch prove where caused by germs?

A

-tuberculosis 1882
-cholera 1883

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10
Q

what impact did koch have?

A

little impact at first but eventually inspired lister + other doctors

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11
Q

what treatments were removed during the 18th and 19th century?

A

-religious
-supernatural
-four humours

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12
Q

did surgery change in the 18th and 19th century?

A

yes, there was a huge change in surgical treatment

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13
Q

who used germ theory to develop the first antiseptic?

A

joseph lister

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14
Q

what was the first antiseptic to be developed?

A

carbonic acid

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15
Q

when did joseph lister develop carbonic acid as the first antiseptic?

A

1867

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16
Q

what did carbonic acid reduce and lead to?

A

greatly reduced infection in surgery and helped led to aseptic surgery

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17
Q

by what years were operating theatres sterilised?

A

1900

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18
Q

what was sterilised in operating theatres by 1900?

A

equipment, patients and clothing

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19
Q

what was used before 1800 as an anaesthetic?

A

alcohol

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20
Q

who discovered chloroform?

A

simpson

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21
Q

when did simpson discover chloroform?

A

1847

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22
Q

what were the disadvantages of using chloroform?

A

incorrect dosage led to death (surgery black period)

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23
Q

what was developed as the first local anaesthetic?

A

cocaine

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24
Q

why was the growth of antiseptics and anaesthetics slow?

A

many doctors were reluctant to believe germ theory

25
Q

what long term impact did anaesthetics have?

A

allowed surgery to become more complex

26
Q

when was the first heart surgery?

A

1896

27
Q

what stayed the same with care and hospitals?

A

still had to pay for treatment

28
Q

who opened new hospitals?

A

charities

29
Q

from when did small cottage hospitals open?

A

1859

30
Q

what were nurses given more of?

A

training

31
Q

what impact did germ theory have on hospitals?

A

they were cleaner (aseptic)

32
Q

who were specialist hospitals opened for?

A

mentally sick

33
Q

who could pay for doctors to visit homes?

A

rich

34
Q

who was edward jenner?

A

english doctor who focused on wiping out smallpox

35
Q

what did jenner prove could prevent smallpox?

A

vaccination

36
Q

when did jenner prove vaccination could prevent smallpox?

A

1798

37
Q

when did the government make the smallpox vaccination compulsory?

A

1852

38
Q

why was the smallpox vaccine slow to be used?

A

doctors were resistant

39
Q

who developed jenner’s discovery using germ theory?

A

pasteur / koch

40
Q

what did pasteur / koch find vaccinations for using germ theory to develop jenner’s discovery?

A

cholera

41
Q

when did pasteur / koch discover vaccination for cholera?

A

1883

42
Q

what was the government’s steps to improving public health called?

A

end of laissez faire policy

43
Q

when was the public health act launched?

A

1875

44
Q

what did the public health act say the authorities had to provide?

A

-clean water
-sewers
-public toilets
-health officers
-monitor buildings

45
Q

who was florence nightingale?

A

nurse who led team in crimean war

46
Q

what did nightingale encourage?

A

hygiene, clean air and nurse training

47
Q

what did nightingale do to improve future nursing?

A

wrote books and opened royal college of nursing

48
Q

when did cholera outbreak?

A

1854

49
Q

what was cholera blamed on?

A

miasma and spontaneous generation

50
Q

who identified the real cause of cholera?

A

john snow

51
Q

what did john snow identify as the cause of cholera?

A

dirty water

52
Q

what long term changes were made to prevent cholera?

A

sewage system and clean water

53
Q

what did cholera lead to which improved public health?

A

public health act 1875

54
Q

what were some of the progress made in the 18th and 19th century?

A

-hospitals
-surgery
-causes of disease

55
Q

what was the life expectancy?

A

46

56
Q

did everyone experience changes to medicine and healthcare yet?

A

most didn’t, especially the poor

57
Q

which individuals pushed for medieval and scientific improvements?

A

jenner, lister, pasteur, koch and simpson

58
Q

what progress was made regarding science and technology?

A

-development of microscopes
-laboratories for discoveries

59
Q

how did the government affect the progress during the 18th and 19th century?

A

gov. finally began to spend on health (vaccinations and public health act)

history (5 decks)

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