medical renaissance in england c1550-c1700 Flashcards

1
Q

what two causes did fewer people believe in?

A

supernatural / religious causes

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2
Q

what did the decrease in belief in religious causes do to the church?

A

reduced power of church

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3
Q

what is an example of scientific thinking spreading?

A

the idea seeds in the air may spread disease

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4
Q

what was there less use of when diagnosing?

A

urine charts

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5
Q

what did thomas sydenham promote?

A

‘direct observation’ of patients and not using books

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6
Q

what two theories of causes of disease stayed popular?

A

miasma and four humours

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7
Q

who was the theory of four humours used on?

A

charles II

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8
Q

who did people believe caused the great plague in 1665?

A

god

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9
Q

how was alchemy used as a treatment?

A

over 122 chemical cures like mercury to cure smallpox but it was dangerous

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10
Q

what was transference?

A

idea illness could be transferred to an object like an onion

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11
Q

what did the new world (USA) bring?

A

herbs / spices like quinine or dysentery to make new remedies

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12
Q

what treatment remained popular?

A

herbal remedies

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13
Q

what treatment to do with the four humours was used on charles II?

A

bleeding and purging

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14
Q

how many people touched charles II’s hand to cure what disease?

A

92,000 people to cure scrofula

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15
Q

what was a religious treatment used in the great plague?

A

prayer

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16
Q

what did physicians continue to be?

A

too expensive

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17
Q

where was most care still done?

A

in the home by women

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18
Q

why did physicians have better access to medical books?

A

printing press

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19
Q

what did vesalius improve?

A

knowledge of anatomy

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20
Q

what dissection now allowed?

A

yes

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21
Q

what could surgeons / apothecaries join to get training to become masters?

A

guilds

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22
Q

what were more hospitals doing?

A

treating the sick

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23
Q

what did henry VIII close?

A

monastery run hospitals

24
Q

what were pest houses for?

A

contagious diseases

25
Q

what type of hospitals opened?

A

charity hospitals who focused on treatment not religion

26
Q

what was there emphasis on to remove miasma?

A

draining swamps and clearing rubbish

27
Q

why did bathhouses close?

A

to stop the spread of syphilis

28
Q

who was thomas sydenham?

A

a doctor

29
Q

what did sydenham publish?

A

‘observationes medicae’

30
Q

what did sydenham challenge?

A

four humours

31
Q

what did sydenham suggest to do regarding a patients symptoms?

A

direct observation

32
Q

what was sydenham part of?

A

royal society

33
Q

what was william harvey and what did he do?

A

royal physician who did public dissections and recorded symptoms

34
Q

what did harvey use to prove galen wrong?

A

vesalius’ ideas

35
Q

what did harvey prove wrong about galen’s ideas?

A

blood circulation

36
Q

where were harvey’s ideas used and what did they encourage?

A

used in medical school and encouraged further challenge of ideas

37
Q

who was vesalius and what did he carry out?

A

italian professor who carried out dissection

38
Q

what did vesalius prove wrong?

A

galen’s idea about the jaw

39
Q

what did vesalius encourage others to do?

A

challenge galen and do dissections

40
Q

when was the royal society founded?

A

1660

41
Q

what were the royal society given by charles II?

A

money

42
Q

what did the royal society encourage the printing of?

A

‘philosophical transactions’

43
Q

what is an example of the ‘philosophical transactions’?

A

van leeuwenhoek seeing of bacteria

44
Q

what did most people believe caused the great plague?

A

miasma

45
Q

when was the great plague?

A

1665

46
Q

what did people realise about the causes of the great plague?

A

it could be passed between people

47
Q

what was the treatment of the great plague similar to?

A

treatment of the black death

48
Q

who did many people visit for treatment of the great plague?

A

quack doctors

49
Q

what was a method of treatment used during the great plague?

A

transference

50
Q

what did plague doctors advise to use to prevent the great plague?

A

herbs

51
Q

what did the government do to improve public health during the great plague?

A

-closed theatres
-killed cats / dogs
-burnt tar
-carts collected dead
-quarantine houses

52
Q

what three individuals contributed to progress during the medicinal renaissance in england?

A

-sydenham
-vesalius
-harvey

53
Q

what factors reduced the progress?

A

old ideas continued and new ideas were slow to spread

54
Q

how did the church affect the progress during the medical renaissance in england?

A

the church’s power declined which allowed new ideas and dissection

55
Q

how did the government affect the progress during the medical renaissance in england?

A

the king supported scientific revolution and the gov. acted during the great plague

56
Q

how did technology affect progress during the medicinal renaissance in england?

A

printing press allowed new ideas to spread which challenged the church