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Psyc100 > The Visual World > Flashcards

The Visual World Flashcards

1
Q

Accommodation

A

Helps determine visual depth

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2
Q

The perception of motion that occurs when different images are presented next to each other in succession. (Often used in movies)

A

The beta effect

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3
Q

Depth cues that are created by retinal image disparity - that is, the space between our eyes - and which thus require the coordination of both eyes.
Images projected on each eye are slightly different from one another and the visual cortex automatically merged them into one, enabling us to perceive depth.

A

Binocular depth cues

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4
Q

A hole in our vision because there are no photoreceptor cells at the place where the optic nerve leaves the retina

A

Blind spot

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5
Q

Inability to detect green and/or red colours

A

Colour blindness

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6
Q

Visual neurons that are specialized in detecting fine detail and colours

A

Cones

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7
Q

The inward turning of our eyes that is required to focus on objects that are less than about 50 feet away

A

Convergence

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8
Q

A clear covering that protects the eye and begins to focus the incoming light

A

Cornea

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9
Q

Messages from our bodies and the external environment that supply us with info about space and distance

A

Depth cues

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10
Q

Pulses of energy waves that can carry information from place to place

A

Electromagnetic energy

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11
Q

When the focus is behind the retina

A

Farsighted

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12
Q

Specialized neurons located in the visual cortex, that respond to the strength, angles, shapes, edges, and movements of a visual stimulus

A

Feature detectors neurons

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13
Q

The central point of the retina

A

Fovea

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14
Q

A meaningfully organized whole

Greater than the sum of its parts

A

Gestalt

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15
Q

The shade of a colour

A

Hue

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16
Q

Coloured part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil by constricting or dilating in response to light intensity

A

Iris

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17
Q

A structure that focuses the incoming light on the retina

A

Lens

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18
Q

Depth cues that help us perceive depth using only one eye

A

Monocular depth cues

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19
Q

When the focus is in front of the retina

A

Nearsighted

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20
Q

Theory that proposes we analyze sensory info not in terms of three colours but in three set of “opponent colours”: red/green, yellow/blue, white/black

A

Opponent-process colour theory

21
Q

We perceive a sensation of motion caused by the appearance and disappearance of objects that are near each other

A

Phi phenomenon

22
Q

Small opening in the centre of the eye

A

Pupil

23
Q

The layer of tissue at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells

A

Retina

24
Q

Visual neurons that specialize in detecting black, white, and gray colours
(Help you see in low light)

A

Rods

25
Q

Theory stating that the colour we see depends on the mix of the signals from the three types of cones

A

Trichromatic colour theory

26
Q

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes detect (only range from about 400 to 700 billionths of a meter)

A

Visible spectrum

27
Q

The process of changing the curvature of the lens to keep the light entering the eye focused on the retina
(Occurs when we move our focus from near objects to far objects)

A

Visual accommodation

28
Q

Distance between one wave peak and the next wave peak

A

Wavelength

29
Q

Explain the Bouncing Balls Illusion

A

The tendency to perceive two circles as bouncing off each other (rather than passing through each other) if the moment of their contact is accompanied by an auditory stimulus

30
Q

Effects that concern the influence of the perception of one sensory modality on the perception of another
(Think ventriloquism)

A

Crossmodal phenomena

31
Q

A receptive field that can be stimulated by a stimulus from more than one sensory modality

A

Crossmodal receptive field

32
Q

A stimulus with components in multiple sensory modalities that interact with each other

A

Crossmodal stimulus

33
Q

Explain the Double Flash Illusion

A

The false perception of two visual flashes when a single flash is accompanied by two auditory beeps

34
Q

The process by which the perceptual system combines info arising from more than one modality

A

Integrated

35
Q

Explain the McGurk Effect

A

An effect in which conflicting visual and auditory components of a speech stimulus result in an illusory percept
The visual stimulus changes what you’re hearing (baba, fafa)

36
Q

Of or pertaining to multiple sensory modalities

A

Multimodal

37
Q

The effects that concurrent stimulation in more than one sensory modality has on the perception of events and objects in the world

A

Multimodal perception

38
Q

Effects that concern the binding of inputs from multiple sensory modalities

A

Multimodal phenomena

39
Q

Regions in the brain that receive input from multiple unimodal areas processing different sensory modalities

A

Multisensory convergence zones

40
Q

A region of the cortex devoted to the processing of simple auditory information

A

Primary auditory cortex

41
Q

A region of the cortex devoted to the processing of simple visual information

A

Primary visual cortex

42
Q

Explain The Principle of Inverse Effectiveness

A

The finding that, in general, for a multimodal stimulus, if the response to each unimodal component (on its own) is weak, then the opportunity for multisensory enhancement is very large. However, if one component by itself is sufficient to evoke a strong response, then the effect on the response gained by simultaneously processing the other components of the stimulus will be relatively small

43
Q

The portion of the world to which a neuron will respond if an appropriate stimulus is present there

A

Receptive field

44
Q

A type of sense; for example, vision or audition

A

Sensory modalities

45
Q

The finding to at the superadditive effects of multisensory integration are observed when the sources of stimulation are spatially related to one another

A

Spatial principle of multisensory integration

46
Q

The finding that responses to multimodal stimuli are typically greater than the sum of the independent responses to each unimodal component of it were presented on its own

A

Superadditive effect of multisensory integration

47
Q

Of or pertaining to a single sensory modality

A

Unimodal

48
Q

The parts of a stimulus relevant to one sensory modality at a time

A

Unimodal components

49
Q

A region of the brain devoted to the processing of information from a single sensory modality

A

Unimodal cortex

Psyc100 (15 decks)

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