Social And Emotional Development

Question 1

A parenting style characterized by high (but responsible) expectations for children’s behaviour, good communication, warmth and nurturant, and the use of reasoning (rather than coercion) as preferred responses to children’s misbehaviour

Answer 1

Authoritative

Question 2

The cognitive, emotional, and social influences that cause young children to create and act consistently with internal standards of conduct

Answer 2

Conscience

Question 3

A temperament quality that enables children to be more successful in motivated self-regulation

Answer 3

Effort full control

Question 4

A description of the negative effects of family financial difficulty on child adjustment through the effects of economic stress on parents’ depressed mood, increased marital problems, and poor parenting

Answer 4

Family stress model

Question 5

Organized beliefs and expectations about maleness and femaleness that guide children’s thinking about gender

Answer 5

Gender schemas

Question 6

The match or synchrony between a child’s temperament and characteristics of parental care that contributes to positive or negative personality development. A good “fit” means that parents have accommodated to the child’s temperamental attributes, and this contributes to positive personality growth and better adjustment

Answer 6

Goodness of fit

Question 7

An infants confidence in the sensitivity and responsiveness of a caregiver, especially when he or she is needed. Infants can be securely attached or insecurely attached.

Answer 7

Security of attachment

Question 8

The process by which one individual consults another’s emotional expressions to determine how to evaluate and respond to circumstances that are ambiguous or uncertain

Answer 8

Social referencing

Question 9

Early emerging differences in reactivity and self-regulation, which constitutes a foundation for personality development

Answer 9

Temperament

Question 10

Children’s growing understanding of the mental states that affect people’s behaviour

Answer 10

Theory of mind

Question 11

Rules that are learned early in life that specify the management and modification of emotional expressions according to social circumstances.

Answer 11

Cultural display rules

Question 12

Refers to the relationship or interaction between two or more individuals in a group. The effect of ones emotion on others, or to the relationship between oneself and others.

Answer 12

Interpersonal

Question 13

Refers to what occurs within oneself. Refers to the effects of emotion to individuals that occur physically inside their bodies and psychologically inside their minds

Answer 13

Intrapersonal

Question 14

Society refers to a system of relationships between individuals and groups of individuals; culture refers to the meaning and information afforded to that system that is transmitted across generations. Effects that emotions have on the functioning and maintenance of societies and cultures

Answer 14

Social and cultural

Question 15

A motivational system selected over the course of evolution to maintain proximity between a young child and his or her primary attachment figure

Answer 15

Attachment behavioural system

Question 16

Behaviours and signals that attract the attention of a primary attachment figure and function to prevent separation from that individual or to reestablish proximity to that individual (eg. crying, clinging)

Answer 16

Attachment behaviours

Question 17

Someone who functions as the primary safe haven and secure base for an individual. (Eg. parent, romantic partner)

Answer 17

Attachment figure

Question 18

Individual differences in how securely (or insecurely) people think, feel and behave in attachment relationships

Answer 18

Attachment patterns (or styles or orientations)

Question 19

Lab task that involves briefly separating and reuniting infants and their primary caregiver as a way of studying individual differences in attachment behaviour

Answer 19

Strange situation