Language Flashcards
Constructing utterances to suit the audience’s knowledge
Audience design
Information that is shared by people who engage in conversation
Common ground
Group to which a person belongs
Ingroup
Words or expressions
Lexicon
A tendency for people to characterize positive things about their ingroup using more abstract expressions, but negative things about their outgroups using more abstract expressions
Linguistic intergroup bias
Group to which a person does not belong
Outgroup
A stimulus presented to a person reminds them about other ideas associated with the stimulus
Priming
The hypothesis that the language that people use determines their thoughts
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
A mental representation of an event, object, or situation constructed at the time of comprehending a linguistic description
Situation model
The hypothesis that the human brain has evolved, so that humans can maintain larger ingroups
Social brain hypothesis
Networks of social relationships among individuals through which information can travel
Social networks
Rules by which words are strung together to form sentences
Syntax
A social perceiver unwittingly taking on the internal state of another person, usually because of mimicking the person’s expressive behaviour and thereby feeling the expressed emotion
Automatic empathy
An experimental procedure that asses whether a perceiver recognizes that another person has a false belief - a belief that contradicts reality.
False-belief test
People’s natural explanations for why somebody did something, felt something etc (differing substantially for unintentional and intentional behaviour)
Folk explanations of behaviour
An agents mental state of committing to perform an action that the agent believes will bring about a desired outcome
Intention
The quality of an agent’s performing a behaviour intentionally- that is, with skill and awareness and executing an intention (which is based on a desire and relevant beliefs)
Intentionality
Two people attending to the same object and being aware that they both are attending to it
Joint attention
Copying other’s behaviour, usually without awareness
Mimicry
Neurons identified in monkey brains that fire both when the monkey performs a certain action and when it perceives another agent performing that action
Mirror neurons
A social perceiver’s assumptions that the other person wants, knows, or feels the same as the perceiver does
Projection
The process of representing the other person’s mental state
Simulation
Two people displaying the same behaviours or having the same internal states (typically because of mutual mimicry)
Synchrony
The human capacity to understand minds, a capacity that is made up of a collection of concepts (agent, intentionality etc) and processes (goal detection, imitation, empathy etc)
Theory of mind
Can refer to visual perspective taking (perceiving something from another person’s spatial vantage point) or more generally to effortful mental state inference (trying to infer the other person’s thoughts, desires, emotions)
Visual perspective taking
