Adolescence, Emerging Adulthood, Aging Flashcards
Adolescent peer groups characterized by shared reputations or images
Crowds
The spread of problem behaviours within groups of adolescents
Deviant peer cognition
Genetic factors that make individuals more or less responsive to environmental experiences
Differential susceptibility
Individuals commit to an identity without exploration of options
Foreclosure
Adolescents tend to associate with peers who are similar to themselves
Homophily
Individuals who have explored different options and then made commitments
Identity achievement
Adolescents neither explore or commit to any roles or ideologies
Identity diffusion
State in which adolescents are actively exploring options but have not yet made identity commitments
Moratorium
Parents’ manipulation of and intrusion into adolescents’ emotional and cognitive world through invalidating their feelings and pressuring them to think in certain ways
Psychological control
Belief system that emphasizes the duties and obligations that each person has toward others
Collectivism
New life stage extending from about 18-25. Primary features include identity exploration, instability, focus on self development, feeling incompletely adult, and broad sense of possibilities
Emerging adulthood
Belief system that exalts freedom, independence, and individual choice as high values
Individualism
Economically advanced countries of the world, in which most of the world’s wealth is concentrated
Industrialized countries
Less economically advanced countries, which comprise the majority of the world’s population
Non-industrialized countries
Members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, comprised of the worlds wealthiest countries
OECD countries
Education or training beyond secondary school
Tertiary education
How old or young people feel compared to their actual age
Age identity
Qualitative research method used to understand characteristics and life themes that an individual considers to uniquely distinguish themselves from others
Autobiographical narratives
Group of people typically born in the same year or historical period who share common experiences over time (baby boomers)
Cohorts
Theory that proposes that the frequency, types, and reciprocity of social exchanges change with age. This impacts the health and well-being of the givers and receivers in the convoy
Convoy model of social relations
Research method that provides info about age group differences; age differences are confounded with cohort differences and effects related to history and time of study
Cross sectional studies
Type of intellectual ability that relies on the application of knowledge, experience, and learned info
Crystallized intelligence
Intelligence that relies on the ability to use info processing resources to reason logically and solve novel problems
Fluid intelligence
Individuals’ perceptions of and satisfaction with their lives as a whole
Global subjective well-being
Component of well being that refers to emotional experiences, often including measures of positive (happiness, contentment) and negative affect (stress, sadness)
Hedonic well-being
Inter-individual and subgroup differences in level and rate of change over time
Heterogeneity
Ability to focus on a subset of info while suppressing attention to less relevant info
Inhibitory functioning
Different patterns of development observed within an individual (intra-) or between individuals (inter-)
Intra- and inter-individual differences
Theory of development that highlights the effects of social expectation of age related life events and social roles. Also considers the life long cumulative effects of membership in specific cohorts and sociocultural subgroups and exposure to historical events
Life course theories
Theory of development that emphasizes the patterning of lifelong within and in between person differences in the shale, level, and rate of change trajectories
Life span theories
Approach to studying intelligence that examines performance on tests of intellectual functioning
Psychometric approach
Individuals’ self perceptions of their own aging process, positive perceptions have been shown to be associated with greater longevity and health
Self-perceptions of aging
Theory proposed to explain the reduction of social partners in older adulthood, posits that older adults focus on meeting emotional over info-gathering goals, and adaptively select social partners who meet this need
Socioemotional selectivity theory
Includes three components: avoiding disease, maintaining high levels of cognitive and physical functioning, and having an actively engaged lifestyle
Successful aging
