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RA6001 > The Vertebral Column > Flashcards

The Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

how many vertebrae are there?

A

33

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2
Q

how many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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3
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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4
Q

how many Lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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5
Q

how many sacral vertebrae

A

5

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6
Q

how many coccygeal vertebrae

A

3-5

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7
Q

name the primary curvatures of the spine

A

thoracic and sacral curvatures

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8
Q

name the secondary spinal curvatures

A

cervical and lumbar

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9
Q

what is scoliosis

A

scoliosis is lateral bending of the vertebral column

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10
Q

name the layers of the meninges

A

the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, the pia mater

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11
Q

what structures make the spinous process

A

the laminae bilaterally

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12
Q

what does the pedicle continue with?

A

the transverse process

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13
Q

name different joints of the vertebrae

A

costovertebral joints - head of rib and vertebra
costotransverse joints - tubercle of rib and transverse process

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14
Q

what is the intervertebral foramen and what passes through it

A

the foramen between adjacent vertebrae, where spinal nerves exit

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15
Q

what is the joint between superior articular facet and inferior articular facet

A

the zygoapophyseal joint

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16
Q

what is the weakest part of the vertebrae

A

the pars interarticularis

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17
Q

describe the spinous process of cervical vertebrae

A

bifid spinous process

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17
Q

describe the spinous process of the thoracic vertebra

A

point inferiorly

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17
Q

describe the spinous process in lumbar vertebrae

A

straighter

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17
Q

what is transmitted in the foramen transversarium

A

the vertebral arteries

17
Q

what is seen in cervical vertebrae and not in other vertebrae

A

foramen transversarium, lateral masses, uncinate processes

17
Q

special features of C1 (atlas)

A

no vertebral body, no spinous process

17
Q

what is spondylolisthesis

A

the displacement of one vertebra in relation to another without fracture of the pars interarticularis

17
Q

what are the two articular facets of C1 and what do they articulate with?

A

superior articular facet articulates with the occipital condyles
inferior articular facet articulates with C2 (axis)

18
Q

special features of the C2 vertebra

A

dens/odontoid process which is a pivot for atlas

19
Q

what vertebra corresponds to the palpable vertebral prominence?

A

C7, it is usually not bifid

20
Q

what is the hangman fracture?

A

bilateral fracture of the pars interarticularis of C2

21
Q

what does the tubercle of the rib articulate with?

A

the tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra

21
Q

name additional articular facets of the thoracic vertebrae

A

transverse costal facet, superior and inferior costal facet

22
Q

what vertebrae has the largest vertebral body

A

the lumbar vertebrae

23
Q

what does the rib head articulate with

A

the inferior costal facet of the above vertebra and the superior costal facet of its own thoracic vertebra

24
Q

what is transmitted through the sacral canal

A

the continuation of the lumbar vertebral canal and cauda equina

25
Q

what is transmitted in the posterior sacral foramina

A

the dorsal rami of spinal nerves

26
Q

what is transmitted in the anterior sacral foramina

A

the ventral rami of spinal nerves

27
Q

where does the sacral canal terminate

A

at the sacral hiatus

28
Q

additional processes on lumbar vertebrae?

A

the accessory processes and the mammillary processes

29
Q

name the two components of the IVD

A

the inner nucleus palposus and outer annulus fibrosis

30
Q

where does the Nuchal Ligament run?

A

from the external occipital protruberance to the spinous process of C7

31
Q

What does the ligamentum flavum attach

A

the ligamentum flavum connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae

32
Q

name the enlargements of the spinal cord

A

cervical enlargement, lumbar enlargement

33
Q

what is the cauda equina

A

the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal roots extending below the level of the end of the spinal cord

34
Q

name the structure that anchors the dura mater to the spinal cord?

A

The Denticulate ligament

35
Q

describe the epidural space

A

space between the vertebral wall and the dura mater

36
Q

describe the subarachnoid space

A

the space between the arachnoid and pia mater

37
Q

what is white matter primarily composed of?

A

white matter is primarily composed of myelinated axons

37
Q

what is gray matter primarily composed of

A

neuronal cell bodies

38
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31 paris

39
Q

how many cervical spinal nerves

A

8, although no C8 vertebra

RA6001 (8 decks)

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