The Thorax Flashcards
what is the function of the bony thoracic cage
protects the organs in the thorax
aids in respiration
what are true ribs and how many are there
ribs 1-7 are true ribs, these are ribs that directly articulate with the sternum via costal cartilages
what are false ribs and how many are there
these are ribs 8-10 and they indirectly articulate with the sternum via costal cartilages of rib 7
what are floating ribs
ribs 11&12 are floating ribs, they have no attachment to the sternum
what are the two articular surfaces of the rib and what joints do they form
the head of the rib articulates with its corresponding vertebra and the vertebra above, to form the costovertebral joint. the tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra forming the costotransverse joint
what vertebral level is the jugular notch
T2-T3
What vertebral level is the sternal angle?
T4-T5
name the three notches on the manubrium of the sternum
the clavicular notches bilaterally and the jugular notch
what are the boundaries to the superior thoracic aperature
anteriorly: the manubrium
posteriorly: body of T1 vertebra
laterally: pair 1 rib and costal cartilage
what are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperature
anteriorly: xiphisternal joint
posteriorly: T12 body
posterior-laterally: costal margins of ribs 7-10
what does the central tendon of the diaphragm fuse with
the fibrous pericardium
what vertebral level does the IVC pass through the diaphragm
at T8
what structures pass through the diaphragm at T8?
the IVC, the phrenic nerve
what vertebral level does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?
T10
what structures pass through the diaphragm at T10?
The esophagus and the vagus nerve
what vertebral level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm
T12
what structures pass through the diaphragm at T12?
The aorta, the thoracic duct and the azygos vein
what is the action of the intercostal muscles
to aid respiration
name the intercostal muscles from superficial to deep
external intercostals, internal intercostals, and innermost intercostals
where do the intercostal nerves and associated arteries and veins pass through?
the costal groove on the medial surface of the ribs
what are the pleural membranes
parietal and visceral pleura, parietal is the outer layer, continuous with the thoracic wall and diaphragm
the visceral layer closely covers the outer lung surface
which pleural membrane is sensitive to pain?
the parietal pleura
name the different parietal pleura surfaces
mediastinal, diaphragmatic, cervical and costal pleura
name the pleural recesses
the costophrenic recess
the costomediastinal recess
what are the three surfaces of the left and right lungs?
the costal surface
the mediastinal surface
the diaphragmatic surface
name the lobes of the left and right lungs
the right lung: superior, middle, inferior lobes
the left lung: superior and inferior lobes
in the right lung, what does the oblique fissure separate
the oblique fissure separates the superior and middle lobes from the inferior lobe
what does the horizontal fissure separate in the right lung
the horizontal fissure separates the superior lobe from the middle love
name two distinct features of the left lung
the lingula; tongue-like projection from the inferioanterior surface of the superior lobe of L.lung
the cardiac impression; medial surface of hte left lung (sup. lobe)
which bronchus and why is more likely to inhale a foreign body
the right bronchus as it is wider, shorter and more vertical
what vertebral level does the trachea bifurcate?
T4/T5
what is bronchestasis
abnormally and permanently dilated bronchi
what is cor pulmonale
heart failure secondary to COPD or other lung disease
how does acute respiratory distress syndrome appear on a radiograph?
ground-glass opacification, overall reduction in air content of the affected lung
