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RA6001 > The Upper Limb > Flashcards

The Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

name components of the shoulder complex

A

scapula, clavicle, acromion, coracoid, humerus

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2
Q

two joints with the clavicle

A

sternoclavicular joint (medially)
acromioclavicular joint (laterally)

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3
Q

space between greater and lesser tubercle of humerus

A

intertubercular sulcus or bicipital groove

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4
Q

what structures pass in the radial groove of the humerus (posteriorly)

A

the radial nerve and deep brachial artery

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5
Q

what is the glenoid labrum

A

a fibrocartilagenous rim around the glenoid cavity

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6
Q

what provides the glenohumeral joint with joint stability?

A

the rotator cuff muscles
long head of biceps brachii
extracapsular ligaments

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7
Q

name the rotator cuff muscles

A

SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

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8
Q

in what direction do 95% of glenohumeral joint dislocations occur

A

almost 95% occur anteriorly

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9
Q

what is the most frequently injured tendon of the rotator cuff muscles and why

A

the supraspinatus muscle tendon as it can be impinged underneath the acromioclavicular joint

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10
Q

name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis

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11
Q

name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

the triceps brachii

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12
Q

when does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery

A

when it passes the lateral margin of rib 1

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13
Q

when does the axillary artery become the brachial artery

A

when the axillary artery passes the inferior margin of the teres major muscle

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14
Q

describe the course of the venous drainage of the upper limb

A

cephalic vein (lateral side) and basilic vein (medial side) communicate via the median cubital vein. both join the brachial vein.
deep veins drain into the brachial veins also

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15
Q

when does the brachial vein become the axillary vein

A

the cephalic vein pierces the clavico-pectoral fascia it becomes the axillary vein

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16
Q

when does the axillary vein become the subclavian vein

A

when it passes rib 1

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17
Q

name in order or lateral to medial, the branches of the brachial plexus

A

MARMU
Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Radial
Median
Ulnar

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18
Q

name the part of the elbow/distal humerus that articulates with the radial head

A

the capitulum

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19
Q

name the part of the elbow/distal humerus that articulates with the ulna

A

the trochlea

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20
Q

which bone in the elbow joint has a coronoid process that articulates with the coronoid process

A

the coronoid process of the proximal ulna articulates with the coronoid fossa of the distal humerus

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21
Q

what ligament encircles the radial head

A

the annular ligament

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22
Q

what is another name for the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

the flexor compartment

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23
Q

what is another name for the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

the extensor compartment

24
Q

where does the brachial artery split?

A

at the apex of the cubital fossa

25
Q

what are the two main branches of the brachial arteries

A

the radial and ulnar arteries

26
Q

describe the course of the radial artery

A

originates from the brachial artery at the neck of the radius, down lateral forearm, anatomical snuffbox, postero-lateral hand b/w metacarpals 1 and 2

27
Q

describe the course of the ulnar artery

A

goes down the medial forearm, branches include common interosseus artery which has anterior and posterior branches

28
Q

describe the course of the radial nerve

A

the radial nerve passes posteriorly in the arm, then anteriorly over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, then lateral to the cubital fossa

29
Q

describe the course of the median nerve

A

enters the arm at the axilla, passes immediately lateral to the brachial artery, then crosses medially and lies anterior to the elbow joint

30
Q

describe the course of the ulnar artery

A

the ulnar artery passes medially to the brachial artery in the upper arm, mid-arm it enters the posterior compartment, passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus

31
Q

what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa

A

lateral: brachioradialis
medial: pronator teres
roof: skin, fascia, bicipital aponeurosis
base: imaginary line b/w medial and lateral humeral epicondyles

32
Q

contents lateral to medial of cubital fossa

A

the tendon of biceps brachii
brachial artery
median nerve

33
Q

where in relation to the cubital fossa is the median cubital vein

A

the median cubital vein lies superficially in the roof of the cubital fossa

34
Q

what carpal bones does the radius articulate with

A

scaphoid lunate triquetrum

35
Q

proximal carpal bones

A

scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform

36
Q

distal carpal bones

A

hamate capitate trapezoid trapezium

37
Q

what is the purpose of the retinacula

A

holds tendons to the bone and prevents bowstringing

38
Q

what is the palmar aponeurosis

A

a triangular deep fascia that covers the palm

39
Q

what tendon is the apex of the palmar aponeurosis continuous with?

A

the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle

40
Q

what are the contents of the carpal tunnel

A

4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
tendon of flexor pollicis longus
median nerve

41
Q

what is Guyon’s canal

A

a fibro-osseus tunnel b/w pisiform and hook of hamate

42
Q

what are the contents of Guyon’s canal

A

ulnar artery, ulnar nerve and vein

43
Q

borders of the anatomical snuff box

A

lateral: abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons
medial border: extensor pollicis longus tendon
floor: scaphoid, trapezium, distal tendons ext carpi radialis

44
Q

contents of the anatomical snuff box

A

radial artery cephalic vein

45
Q

describe the arterial supply to the hand

A

2 interconnected vascular arches, superficial and deep in the palm
radial artery: thumb and lateral index finger
ulnar artery: medial index finger and remaining digits

46
Q

what nerve innervates the muscle of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

musculocutaneous nerve

47
Q

what nerve innervates most of the forearm flexors

A

the median nerve

48
Q

what muscles does the radial nerve innervate

A

the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm and the forearm

49
Q

what does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

most intrinsic hand muscles

50
Q

what neurovascular structures can be damaged in a surgical neck fracture of the humerus

A

the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery

51
Q

what neurovascular structures can be damaged in humeral shaft fractures

A

the radial nerve

52
Q

what neurovascular structures can be damaged in a supracondylar fracture

A

the radial and ulnar nerves, and the brachial artery

53
Q

what nerve can be damaged from medial epicondyle trauma

A

the ulnar nerve

54
Q

what nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

the median nerve

55
Q

what adverse outcomes can occur from a hamate fracture

A

a hamate fracture can result in non-union of the bone, the ulnar nerve can also be damaged, reducing grip strength of the hand

RA6001 (8 decks)

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