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RA6001 > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

name some bony features of the proximal femur

A

greater and lesser trochanters
intertrochanteric line (anterior)
intertrochanteric crest (posterior)
femoral neck
femoral head

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2
Q

what is the femoral head covered in

A

articular cartilage except for the fovea capitis

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3
Q

3 bony features on posterior proximal femur

A

pectineal line
gluteal tuberosity
linea aspira

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4
Q

what structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen

A

internal pudendal vessels
sciatic nerve
pudendal nerve

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5
Q

what structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen

A

internal pudendal vessels
pudendal nerve

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6
Q

what structures pass under the inguinal ligament

A

the femoral nerve
the femoral artery
the femoral vein

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7
Q

what is the fascia lata

A

a thick layer of deep fascia that completely surrounds the thigh

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8
Q

what is the opening of the fascia lata and its contents

A

the saphenous opening which contains the lymphatic vessels and great saphenous vein

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9
Q

what is the iliotibial tract

A

a thickening of the fascia lata

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10
Q

name the superficial gluteal muscles

A

gluteus maximus, medius, minimus, tensor fascia lata

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11
Q

name the deep muscles of the gluteal compartment

A

piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris

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12
Q

name the four quadriceps muscles

A

rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermediu

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13
Q

name the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

adductor, longus, magnus, brevis, gracilis, pectineus, and obturator externus

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14
Q

name the hamstring muscles

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

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15
Q

femoral triangle contents (lat - med)

A

femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein

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16
Q

what are the borders of the femoral triangle

A

the inguinal ligament
floor: pectineus, adductor longus, iliopsoas
apex is continuous with the adductor canal

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17
Q

what structure in the femoral triangle is NOT in the femoral sheath

A

femoral nerve

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18
Q

what structures pass through the adductor canal

A

the femoral triangle, the femoral vein, saphenous nerve and nerve to vastus medialis as well as lymphatics

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19
Q

what does the obturator artery branch from and what does it supply

A

the internal iliac artery; supplies the medial compartment of the thigh

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20
Q

what does the inferior gluteal artery branch from

A

the internal iliac artery

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21
Q

what is the femoral artery a continuation of?

A

the external iliac artery

22
Q

describe the course of the femoral artery

A

enters the femoral triangle, adductor canal, popliteal artery posterior to knee.
branches include profunda femoris and lateral and medial circumflex femoral branches

23
Q

describe the venous drainage of the lower limb

A

dorsal venous arch → lateral marginal vein → small saphenous vein → popliteal vein → femoral vein
dorsal venous arch → medial marginal vein → great saphenous vein → femoral vein

24
Q

what two veins contribute to the popliteal vein

A

the anterior and posterior tibial veins

25
Q

what are the two main branches of the sacral plexus

A

the sciatic nerve and the pudendal nerve

26
Q

what are the two main branches of the lumbar plexus

A

the femoral nerve and the obturator nerve

27
Q

two branches of the sciatic nerve

A

the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

28
Q

what do the condyles of the femur articulate with

A

the tibial plateau

29
Q

what neurovascular structure winds posterior to the fibular head

A

the common fibular nerve

30
Q

which tibial plateau is more commonly fractured

A

the lateral tibial plateau

31
Q

what tendon is the patella embedded in

A

the quadriceps tendon

32
Q

what does the medial meniscus attach to

A

the medial collateral ligament

33
Q

what connects the medial and lateral menisci

A

the transverse ligament

34
Q

what are menisci made of

A

fibrocartilage

35
Q

what is the function of the menisci

A

absorb compressive forces, lubricate, aid symmetrical pressure distribution

36
Q

what % of the menisci are vascularised

A

the outer 20%

37
Q

what forms the pes anserinus

A

the conjoined tendons of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus

38
Q

what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa

A

the posterior thigh muscles
2 heads of gastrocnemius
roof is skin, fascia, small saphenous vein

39
Q

popliteal fossa contents from lateral to medial

A

tibial nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery.
common fibular nerve travels lateral to fossa

40
Q

what branches does the popliteal fossa give off

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

41
Q

list components of the ankle joint

A

the distal fibula and tibia, the talus

42
Q

name tarsal bones

A

talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneform

43
Q

function of the anterior leg muscles

A

extension of ankle and digits

44
Q

function of posterior compartment of leg

A

plantarflexion, flexion of ankle

45
Q

function of lateral compartment muscles

A

eversion of the foot

46
Q

contents of tarsal tunnel anterior to posterior

A

Tom, Dick, And Very Naughty Harry
Tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum longus muscle tendon, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, tendon of flexor hallicus longus

47
Q

what is the plantar aponeurosis

A

thick deep fascia

48
Q

describe the arterial supply of the leg

A

popliteal artery → anterior and posterior tibial arteries
anterior tibial artery → interosseus membrane → anterior leg and dorsum of foot
posterior tibial artery → posterior and lateral leg, continues into the sole of the foot
fibular artery is a branch of the posterior tibial artery

49
Q

describe the arteries of the foot

A

the dorsalis pedis artery is a continuation of anterior tibial artery, passes inferiorly as deep plantar artery
posterior tibial artery → tarsal tunnel → medial and lateral plantar arteries, forms plantar arch and supplies plantar aspect of foot

50
Q

damage to what nerve can result in foot drop

A

damage to the common fibular nerve can cause paralysis of muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg due to unopposed action of muscles in the posterior compartment

51
Q
A

RA6001 (8 decks)

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