Lower Limb Flashcards
name some bony features of the proximal femur
greater and lesser trochanters
intertrochanteric line (anterior)
intertrochanteric crest (posterior)
femoral neck
femoral head
what is the femoral head covered in
articular cartilage except for the fovea capitis
3 bony features on posterior proximal femur
pectineal line
gluteal tuberosity
linea aspira
what structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen
internal pudendal vessels
sciatic nerve
pudendal nerve
what structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen
internal pudendal vessels
pudendal nerve
what structures pass under the inguinal ligament
the femoral nerve
the femoral artery
the femoral vein
what is the fascia lata
a thick layer of deep fascia that completely surrounds the thigh
what is the opening of the fascia lata and its contents
the saphenous opening which contains the lymphatic vessels and great saphenous vein
what is the iliotibial tract
a thickening of the fascia lata
name the superficial gluteal muscles
gluteus maximus, medius, minimus, tensor fascia lata
name the deep muscles of the gluteal compartment
piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris
name the four quadriceps muscles
rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermediu
name the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh
adductor, longus, magnus, brevis, gracilis, pectineus, and obturator externus
name the hamstring muscles
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
femoral triangle contents (lat - med)
femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
what are the borders of the femoral triangle
the inguinal ligament
floor: pectineus, adductor longus, iliopsoas
apex is continuous with the adductor canal
what structure in the femoral triangle is NOT in the femoral sheath
femoral nerve
what structures pass through the adductor canal
the femoral triangle, the femoral vein, saphenous nerve and nerve to vastus medialis as well as lymphatics
what does the obturator artery branch from and what does it supply
the internal iliac artery; supplies the medial compartment of the thigh
what does the inferior gluteal artery branch from
the internal iliac artery
what is the femoral artery a continuation of?
the external iliac artery
describe the course of the femoral artery
enters the femoral triangle, adductor canal, popliteal artery posterior to knee.
branches include profunda femoris and lateral and medial circumflex femoral branches
describe the venous drainage of the lower limb
dorsal venous arch → lateral marginal vein → small saphenous vein → popliteal vein → femoral vein
dorsal venous arch → medial marginal vein → great saphenous vein → femoral vein
what two veins contribute to the popliteal vein
the anterior and posterior tibial veins
what are the two main branches of the sacral plexus
the sciatic nerve and the pudendal nerve
what are the two main branches of the lumbar plexus
the femoral nerve and the obturator nerve
two branches of the sciatic nerve
the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
what do the condyles of the femur articulate with
the tibial plateau
what neurovascular structure winds posterior to the fibular head
the common fibular nerve
which tibial plateau is more commonly fractured
the lateral tibial plateau
what tendon is the patella embedded in
the quadriceps tendon
what does the medial meniscus attach to
the medial collateral ligament
what connects the medial and lateral menisci
the transverse ligament
what are menisci made of
fibrocartilage
what is the function of the menisci
absorb compressive forces, lubricate, aid symmetrical pressure distribution
what % of the menisci are vascularised
the outer 20%
what forms the pes anserinus
the conjoined tendons of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus
what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa
the posterior thigh muscles
2 heads of gastrocnemius
roof is skin, fascia, small saphenous vein
popliteal fossa contents from lateral to medial
tibial nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery.
common fibular nerve travels lateral to fossa
what branches does the popliteal fossa give off
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
list components of the ankle joint
the distal fibula and tibia, the talus
name tarsal bones
talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneform
function of the anterior leg muscles
extension of ankle and digits
function of posterior compartment of leg
plantarflexion, flexion of ankle
function of lateral compartment muscles
eversion of the foot
contents of tarsal tunnel anterior to posterior
Tom, Dick, And Very Naughty Harry
Tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum longus muscle tendon, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, tendon of flexor hallicus longus
what is the plantar aponeurosis
thick deep fascia
describe the arterial supply of the leg
popliteal artery → anterior and posterior tibial arteries
anterior tibial artery → interosseus membrane → anterior leg and dorsum of foot
posterior tibial artery → posterior and lateral leg, continues into the sole of the foot
fibular artery is a branch of the posterior tibial artery
describe the arteries of the foot
the dorsalis pedis artery is a continuation of anterior tibial artery, passes inferiorly as deep plantar artery
posterior tibial artery → tarsal tunnel → medial and lateral plantar arteries, forms plantar arch and supplies plantar aspect of foot
damage to what nerve can result in foot drop
damage to the common fibular nerve can cause paralysis of muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg due to unopposed action of muscles in the posterior compartment
