The Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

describe how the stomach breaks down food

Answer 1

mechanically via churning, chemically via enzymes

Question 2

name a cofactor produced by the stomach and its function

Answer 2

intrinsic factor, functions to aid B12 absorption

Question 3

name the regions of the stomach in order of appearance

Answer 3

abdominal esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, pyloric atrum, pyloric sphincter, and pyloric orifice

Question 4

where does the lesser omentum originate

Answer 4

the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 5

where does the greater omentum originate

Answer 5

the greater curvature of the stomach

Question 6

name the direct branches of the celiac trunk

Answer 6

common hepatic artery
splenic artery
left gastric artery

Question 7

name branches of the common hepatic artery

Answer 7

the right gastroduodenal artery
the hepatic artery proper → left and right hepatic arteries

Question 8

describe venous drainage of foregut

Answer 8

gastric veins → portal vein/superior mesenteric vein

Question 9

what are the divisions of the small intestine

Answer 9

duodenum → jejunum → ileum

Question 10

where is the most common site for peptic ulcer

Answer 10

the superior part of the duodenum

Question 11

what is the ampulla of vater

Answer 11

the union of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct

Question 12

what controls the flow of pancreatic and bile fluids into the dudoenum

Answer 12

the sphincter of Oddi (hepato-pancreatic sphincter)

Question 13

what is the major duodenal papilla

Answer 13

the opening of the ampulla of vater into the duodenum

Question 14

name two components of bile

Answer 14

billirubin and billeverdin

Question 15

what properties of bile permit its action

Answer 15

it has both hydrophobic and hydrophillic components

Question 16

where does B12 absorption occur

Answer 16

in the terminal ileum

Question 17

where does crohn’s most commonly effect

Answer 17

the terminal ileum

Question 18

what are the 6 parts of the large intestine

Answer 18

caecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

Question 19

what branches of the superior mesenteric artery supply the large intestine

Answer 19

ileocolic artery
right colic artery
middle colic artery

Question 20

what branches of the inferior mesenteric artery supply the large intestine

Answer 20

the left colic artery
the sigmoid arteries
the superior rectal artery

Question 21

what branches of the SMA supply the small intestine

Answer 21

the jejunal and ileal branches

Question 22

what structures does the inferior mesenteric vein drain

Answer 22

the IMV drains the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, the rectum (superior)

Question 23

what structures does the superior mesenteric vein drain

Answer 23

the SMV drains the ascending colon and the ileum

Question 24

what is the red pulp of the spleen

Answer 24

vascular component

Question 25

what is the white pulp of the spleen

Answer 25

lymphoid tissue

Question 26

name some functions of the spleen

Answer 26

breaks down red blood cells
stores iron
immunological

Question 27

name the paired branches in the abdominal cavity

Answer 27

the inferior phrenic arteries
the gonadal arteries
the lumbar arteries
the suprarenal arteries
the renal arteries

Question 28

name the unpaired branches of the abdomen

Answer 28

the celiac trunk
the superior mesenteric artery
the inferior mesenteric artery