The Integumentary System Flashcards
list functions of the integumentary system
covers the external body surface
first line of defence against infection
body temperature regulation
sensory reception
excretion
what are the components of the integumentary system?
skin (epidermis and dermis)
accessory structures: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
what type of epithelium is the epidermis
stratified squamous epithelium
thin vs thick skin
thin skin has 4 layers, thick skin has 5
thin skin covers most of the body, thick skin covers the palms of hands and soles of feet
what is the stratum basale?
deepest part of the epidermis, attached to the dermis
cells actively divide here, melanocytes here and merkel cells (touch receptors)
what is the stratum spinosum?
spiny appearance with several layers of keratinocytes, dendritic cells (immune system)
stratum granulosum
1-5 layers of keratinocytes
stratum lucidum
only in thick skin, falt dead cells with keratin
stratum corneum
most superficial, 15-30 layers of dead keratinised cells, protection
tissue type in the dermis
connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers
how many layers in the dermis?
2w
what are the two layers in the dermis called
papillary dermis and the reticular dermis
the papillary dermis function?
supports and nourishes the epidermis, contains capillaries, lymphatics and free nerve endings
reticular dermis function and % of dermis it is
deeper layer of the dermis, 80% of the dermis
rich nerve supply
(sensory receptors: touch, pain, temperature)
rich blood supply for constriction and dilatation
causes of ulcers in skin
ongoing pressure of body weight over a bony prominence reduces blood flow to the area and causes skin breakdown
exposure to skin irritants
what are the pigments in the epidermis
melanin and carotene
what does melanocyte activity respond to
uv light exposure in sun, protects feom excessive uv radiation exposure
describe blood vessels and sweat glands during hyperthermia and hypothermia
hyperthermia: blood vessels dilate and sweat gland secretions increase
hypothermia: dermis blood vessels contract and sweat glands secretions decrease
below what temp does cardiac arrest occur?
28C
what is the hypodermis
not part of the integumentary system, dermis attaches here, helps insulation, conduit for vessels and nerves
what is hair
strands of dead keratinised epidermal cells
what does burn severity depend on
depth and total area affected
name some complications associated with burns
dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and circulatory shock
