liver and biliary tree Flashcards
what quadrant does the liver occupy
right hypochondrium and the epigastric area
name some liver functions
generation of bile
storage of fat-soluble vitamins
synthesis of clotting factors
haem/billirubin metabolism
drug and xenobiotic metabolism
stores iron and copper
sex hormone metabolism
immunological response
what separates the left and right liver lobes
the falciform ligament
what is a further extension of the falciform ligament
ligamentum teres
what is the ligamentum teres an embryological remnant of?
the umbillical vein
what lobe is associated with the IVC
the caudate lobe
what lobe is associated with the quadrate lobe
the gallbladder
what does the portal triad contain
the portal vein, hepatic duct, and hepatic artery
from R to L, name the structures in the portal triad
the common bile duct, portal vein, hepatic artery
what does the hepatic artery carry
oxygenated arterial blood
what does the portal vein carry
blood from the gastrointestinal tract
what % of the livers blood supply comes from the hepatic artery
25%
what % of the livers blood supply comes from the portal vein
75%
what does the common bile duct carry
bile to the duodenum
what artery does the cystic artery branch from
the right hepatic artery
how does blood from the portal system rejoin the systemic circulation
Via the Inferior Vena Cava
name another connection between the portal and systemic circulations, and when does this become significant?
in the case of liver cirrhosis, the portal circulation can rejoin the systemic circulation via the umbilical veins and rectal veins
what stimulates the gallbladder to contract
cholecystokinin
what is cholecystitis
blockage of the gallbladder by gallstones
what can blockage of the cystic duct cause
biliary colic
describe the pathway of bile to the duodenum
gallbladder → cystic duct → common bile duct (when common hepatic duct joins) → ampulla of vater (when pancreatic duct joins) → 2nd portion of the duodenum
describe the endo and exocrine functions of the pancreas
secretes insulin and glucagon to modulate blood glucose levels
secretes enzymes such as lipase, amylase, and trypsin for digestion
is the pancreas intra or retroperitoneal
retroperitoneal
what part of the pancreas is between the IVC and SMV
the uncinate process
what part of the pancreas is anterior to the IVC
the head of the pancreas
name the sphincter that controls the release of bile into the duodenum
the sphincter of Oddi
describe the blood supply of the pancreas
the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric arteries
describe the venous drainage of the pancreas
blood from pancreas drains into either the splenic vein, the portal vein or the superior mesenteric vein
