liver and biliary tree

Question 2

what quadrant does the liver occupy

Answer 2

right hypochondrium and the epigastric area

Question 3

name some liver functions

Answer 3

generation of bile
storage of fat-soluble vitamins
synthesis of clotting factors
haem/billirubin metabolism
drug and xenobiotic metabolism
stores iron and copper
sex hormone metabolism
immunological response

Question 4

what separates the left and right liver lobes

Answer 4

the falciform ligament

Question 5

what is a further extension of the falciform ligament

Answer 5

ligamentum teres

Question 6

what is the ligamentum teres an embryological remnant of?

Answer 6

the umbillical vein

Question 7

what lobe is associated with the IVC

Answer 7

the caudate lobe

Question 8

what lobe is associated with the quadrate lobe

Answer 8

the gallbladder

Question 9

what does the portal triad contain

Answer 9

the portal vein, hepatic duct, and hepatic artery

Question 10

from R to L, name the structures in the portal triad

Answer 10

the common bile duct, portal vein, hepatic artery

Question 11

what does the hepatic artery carry

Answer 11

oxygenated arterial blood

Question 12

what does the portal vein carry

Answer 12

blood from the gastrointestinal tract

Question 13

what % of the livers blood supply comes from the hepatic artery

Answer 13

25%

Question 14

what % of the livers blood supply comes from the portal vein

Answer 14

75%

Question 15

what does the common bile duct carry

Answer 15

bile to the duodenum

Question 16

what artery does the cystic artery branch from

Answer 16

the right hepatic artery

Question 17

how does blood from the portal system rejoin the systemic circulation

Answer 17

Via the Inferior Vena Cava

Question 18

name another connection between the portal and systemic circulations, and when does this become significant?

Answer 18

in the case of liver cirrhosis, the portal circulation can rejoin the systemic circulation via the umbilical veins and rectal veins

Question 19

what stimulates the gallbladder to contract

Answer 19

cholecystokinin

Question 20

what is cholecystitis

Answer 20

blockage of the gallbladder by gallstones

Question 21

what can blockage of the cystic duct cause

Answer 21

biliary colic

Question 22

describe the pathway of bile to the duodenum

Answer 22

gallbladder → cystic duct → common bile duct (when common hepatic duct joins) → ampulla of vater (when pancreatic duct joins) → 2nd portion of the duodenum

Question 23

describe the endo and exocrine functions of the pancreas

Answer 23

secretes insulin and glucagon to modulate blood glucose levels
secretes enzymes such as lipase, amylase, and trypsin for digestion

Question 24

is the pancreas intra or retroperitoneal

Answer 24

retroperitoneal

Question 25

what part of the pancreas is between the IVC and SMV

Answer 25

the uncinate process

Question 26

what part of the pancreas is anterior to the IVC

Answer 26

the head of the pancreas

Question 27

name the sphincter that controls the release of bile into the duodenum

Answer 27

the sphincter of Oddi

Question 28

describe the blood supply of the pancreas

Answer 28

the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric arteries

Question 29

describe the venous drainage of the pancreas

Answer 29

blood from pancreas drains into either the splenic vein, the portal vein or the superior mesenteric vein