The Tudor Era

Question 1

Who were the 6 tudor monarchs?

Answer 1

Henry VII
Henry VIII (son of Henry VII)
Edward VI (son of Henry VIII+ Jane Seymour)
Lady Jane Grey (great granddaughter of Henry VII)
Mary I (daughter of Henry VIII+ Catherine of Aragon)
Elizabeth I (daughter of Henry VIII+ Anne Boleyn)

Question 2

List the strengths of Henry VII that explain why he is a 10/10

Answer 2

1. Very organised and prepared.
   
   • Lambert Simnel claimed to be the brother of
     Edward IV, and therefore had a claim so strong he
     could have thrown Henry VII off of the throne.
   • So Simnel and Henry went to war, and although
     Simnel had 4000 Irish troops and 1500 soldiers
     from Germany, Henry VII’s army as big and easily
     dealt with this dangerous threat.
2. Cautious and prepared
   
   • During the Warbeck Affair, Henry sent out spies to
     capture Warbeck, who was trying to impersonate
     Edward IV’s second son to undermine Henry’s
     claim to the throne.
3. Chooses peace over war
   
   • Henry VII’s second son, Prince Henry, married
     Princess Catherine of Aragon to secure the
     alliance with Spain and to intimidate the French
     into not invading England.
4. Can exercise power
   
   • Due to the Henry’s government’s raised taxes,
     there were 15,000 marching to London during the
     Cornish Rebellion.

Question 3

List the strengths of Henry VIII which explain why he is a 7/10.

Answer 3

1. Captured two towns in France.
   • Henry VIII had split from the Catholic Church in
     
   • The Pope, furious, demanded that the Catholic
     monarchs Francis I of France and Charles V of
     Spain (nephew of Catherine of Aragon, Henry’s
     first wife) invade and remove Henry from power.
   • However in 1544 Henry VIII allied with Charles
     and declared war on France.
2. He managed to win the German Emperor’s support
   and made an alliance with Germany, by
   demonstrating the wealth and naval strength of
   England and flaunting his Field of the Cloth of
   Gold.

• He was a jouster, wrestler, archer, hunter and tennis
  player. He also had good training for war.

3. He was instantly rewarded by the Pope and
   followers across Europe.
   • He maintained his loyalty to the Pope and
     Catholic Church by defending them against
     Martin Luther, by publishing “The Defence of the
     Seven Sacraments”.
4. He secured an alliance with Spain through
   marriage.
   • Married his dead brother’s wife, the Spanish
     princess, Catherine of Aragon.
5. He was able to gain full power and control over the
   whole of England and its religious practices.
   • Created the Oath of Supremacy. It required any
     person taking public or church office in England
     to swear allegiance to Henry VIII as Supreme
     Governor of the Church of England.
6. Pocketed their wealth to fund wars against France, by dissolving monasteries in England.

Question 4

List the weaknesses of Henry VIII which explain why he is a 7/10.

Answer 4

1. He went bankrupt

• Henry VIII inherited a large fortune, the equivalent of some £375 million today.
• But despite the influx of money from the dissolution of the monasteries and new taxes imposed by Cromwell, Henry’s government seemed always to be on the verge of going bankrupt, thanks to his profligate spending.

2. He failed to invade Scotland. This only failed and drove Scotland to establish and alliance with France; England’s rival.

Question 5

List the weaknesses of Edward VI which explain why he is a 0/10

Answer 5

1. Kett’s Rebellion in Norfolk was focused on economic and social injustices.

• They felt as though the king was not doing enough to improve the quality of life for the peasants.
• Eventually, the the rebellion was put to an end, not by Edward VI, but by Earl Warwick.

2. In return for ending the rebellion, Dudley demanded the arrest and execution of his rival advisor: Earl of Somerset.
   - This way, he was able to exercise greater control and power of the young king, King Edward VI.

Question 6

List the strengths of Mary I which explain why she is a 5/10.

Answer 6

1. Following her marriage with Catholic King Philip II of Spain, she made rapid changes to church services which restored many of the Catholic practices which her brother, Edward VI, removed.
2. Ultimately, Mary burned 284 Protestants during her 5 year reign.

Question 7

List the weaknesses of Mary I