Global Development Flashcards
GNI
Gross national income.
GNI is the total income received by the country from its residents and businesses regardless of whether they are located in the country or abroad.
GNI per capita
The value of a country’s goods and services divided by the number of people living there.
This only measures economic development and says nothing about the quality of life of the people living there in the country.
GDP
Gross Domestic Product. GDP looks at the production level of an economy or the total annual value of what is produced in the nation, it measures an economy’s size and growth rate.
GDP per capita
A measure of the total value of goods and services produced within a country divided by its population.
Top down development
Typically large scale, more expensive projects with high levels of government involvement.
HIV control and smallpox eradication are two examples of top down policies in the public health sphere.
Bottom up development
Typically small scale, less expensive development projects designed to address the specific needs of local communities.
Micro hydro projects are examples of a bottom up development scheme. This is because instead of using expensive technology which will require large loans from other countries or TNCs , they use appropriate, affordable technology and involve local people in the whole process
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
Infant mortality is the death of young children under the age of 5.
This death toll is measured by the infant mortality rate, which is the probability of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births.
Why is the IMR important and what does it show about the overall health of a society?
If more children are surviving in a country, this means that much more adults are able to survive.
This is because children are much more vulnerable, and it is much easier for adult to adapt to worse, less developed environments.
Therefore , creating a safer and healthier environment for children, undoubtedly creates a much more safe and healthy environment for adults, which means this would benefit the whole country.
What are factors that prevent development?
Health and disease War Poor healthcare Poor education Corrupt governments Debt Unfair trade Pollution Poor stability Arid climates Landlocked countries
